Edition note: Independently rewritten for English-language readers from the Chinese essay’s argument and close reading. Full-book spoilers.
When Hector meets Andromache at the Scaean Gate, their infant son recoils from the horsehair crest on his helmet. Hector and Andromache laugh. He removes the helmet, places its flashing bronze on the ground, and only then can he hold the child.
Andromache asks him not to return to open battle. Achilles has killed her father and seven brothers; her mother survived captivity only to die after returning home. Hector is now father, mother, brother, and husband to her. She even gives him a military alternative: place the troops by the fig tree, where the wall is weakest.
Hector does not dismiss her. He says he has thought of all this. He also knows—clearly, he says—that Troy will fall. His death will not save the city. Still, he cannot bear the gaze of Trojan men and women if he avoids combat. His own heart has learned to fight in the front rank and win glory for his father and himself.
This is not simply someone else’s command imposed upon him. It is his code, acknowledged and chosen. But it needs an audience. He fears being seen as a coward, and he imagines with greatest pain a future in which strangers see Andromache carrying water as a slave. The law is inside him, yet its court sits in other people’s eyes.
Much later, Hector stands alone outside the gate. His parents plead from the walls. He considers going inside, but imagines Polydamas reproaching him for ignoring sound advice and losing so many men. He then imagines a radically different action: remove his armor, lean his spear against the wall, return Helen and the treasure, offer half of Troy’s wealth, and negotiate.
He rejects the idea because Achilles will show no respect and kill him unarmed “like a woman.” Even at the edge of death, the imagined verdict of another man shapes what can be attempted.
Hector runs three times around the city. Athena then appears in the form of his brother Deiphobus and promises to stand with him. Delighted that one brother has dared to leave the walls, Hector stops. He throws his spear, turns for another—and discovers no one beside him.
The gaze that finally makes him stand is counterfeit.
Hector understands that the gods have summoned him to die. He does not receive a revelation that cancels his life’s code. He draws his sword and charges anyway. Afterward Achilles pierces his ankles, binds the body to a chariot, and drags the head through the dust beneath the city walls.
Earlier that day Andromache had ordered water heated for Hector’s bath. She was weaving deep inside the house, unaware how far he had already traveled from home. The Iliad places the waiting bath and the desecrated body in the same day. One belongs to the life that expected him; the other to the judgment he could not step outside.
Homer’s Iliad, an ancient Greek epic whose twenty-four books cover roughly fifty days in the tenth year of the Trojan War. Full-poem spoilers.
版本说明:中文原作;简体与繁体同页切换。全文剧透。
赫克托尔从城里回来,在斯开亚门碰上妻子。奶妈抱着孩子跟在旁边,那孩子还在襁褓里,像一颗星。
他伸手要抱儿子,孩子哭着往奶妈怀里缩——他不认得这个人,被那顶头盔上晃动的马鬃盔缨吓着了。父母两个都笑起来。
赫克托尔立刻把头盔摘下来放在地上,晃眼的铜和马鬃就在脚边。他这才把孩子抱起来,颠了颠,替他向宙斯和众神祷告:让这孩子将来在特洛亚人中间出众,像我一样强,让他杀了敌人带着血污的战利品回来,让他母亲心里高兴。
祷告完他把孩子放回妻子怀里。她一边接一边笑,笑的时候还在掉眼泪。
安德罗马克说的话,是这一卷的重量所在。
她说:我父亲厄埃提昂被阿基琉斯杀了。而她接着说了一件很奇怪的事——阿基琉斯没有剥他的甲,他不忍心;他把他连着那副精工的甲胄一起火化,给他堆了一座坟,山林中的女神在坟的四周种下了榆树。
她说:我七个兄弟在同一天里被他杀光,那天他们正在放牛放羊。她说:我母亲被他掳走,后来收了赎金放回去,回去以后死了。
然后她说:赫克托尔,你如今是我的父亲、我的母亲、我的兄弟,也是我年轻的丈夫。
然后她给了他一个具体的办法:把队伍摆在城墙那边的无花果树旁边守着,那里的墙最容易被攻上来。不要出去。
*
他的回答一句一句都要听。
他先说:这些我心里也都想过。接着说:可是要是像个懦夫一样躲开这场仗,我在特洛亚人和拖着长袍的特洛亚妇女面前抬不起头;我的心也不容我这样,我一向学的是勇敢,是站在最前排打,替父亲和我自己挣光荣。
再往下他说了一句更沉的:我心里明白,也知道得很清楚——有一天神圣的伊利昂会灭亡,普里阿摩斯和他持梣木长枪的百姓也会灭亡。
他知道结局,他还是要去。这一句要放慢一点看:他不是不信城会破,他是明说了城会破。他去打的这一仗,按他自己的判断,改变不了任何事。
最后一段说的是她。他说:将来特洛亚人的苦难、我母亲的、我父亲的、我那些兄弟的,都不像想到你的时候那样叫我难受——想到某个穿铜甲的阿开亚人拖着哭泣的你走,夺去你自由的日子,你在阿尔戈斯替别人织布,不情愿地从别人的泉边挑水。他说:但愿我死了、埋了,也听不见你被拖走时的哭声。
*
支撑他出去的,是他自己的一套东西,不是别人塞给他的。没有人逼他,劝他别去的正是他妻子;他甚至同意她的判断,他知道城会破。
而这套东西的内容,住在别人的眼睛里。他怕的不是死,是被人看见他躲开这件事。他给出的第一个理由是特洛亚人和特洛亚妇女会怎么看他;他给出的最后一个理由,是有人会看见他妻子在别人家挑水。前一个是他怕被人看,后一个是他怕她被人看。中间那句"有一天伊利昂会灭亡",恰好是说他做的这件事救不了任何人。
这跟一个人被另一个人的法覆盖不是一回事,也比那种情形难拆得多。这套法是他的,他认它,他为它去死。只是这套法要成立,得有一群人在看。
*
第二十二卷,特洛亚人全都退进城里去了,只有他一个人留在城门外面。
父母在城头上喊他进来。他自己在心里过了一遍:进城,波吕达马斯会第一个数落他——那个人昨天劝过他撤回城里,他没有听,结果折了很多人。他想,与其被人这样说,不如迎上去,要么把阿基琉斯杀了,要么在城前光荣地死。
然后他想到了另一条路,而且想得很具体:要不要放下盾牌和头盔,把长枪靠在墙上,走过去跟阿基琉斯讲和——把海伦和阿勒珊德罗斯用船带来的全部财物交还,另外把城里所有的财富拿出一半分给阿开亚人,再让特洛亚长老起誓,一样不藏。
他自己把这条路否掉了。理由不是这么做不该,是:阿基琉斯不会怜惜我,不会敬重我,我一卸下甲胄,他就会像杀一个女人那样把赤手空拳的我杀掉。他还说了一句奇怪的话——现在没有办法像少男少女那样,隔着一块石头或者一棵橡树,站在那里说话了。
他把那条路想到了极具体的地步,然后因为"会被看成什么样"而放下了它。
*
他跑。绕着城墙跑了三圈,阿基琉斯在后面追,两个人从瞭望塔下面跑过,从那两眼泉水边跑过——从前特洛亚的女人们在那里洗衣裳,在打仗以前。
宙斯拿起金天平,把两个人的死亡命运各放一端,赫克托尔那一边沉下去。雅典娜下来了。她变成他弟弟得伊福波斯的样子,走到他身边说:哥哥,我们两个一起顶住他。
他站住了。他很高兴,他说得伊福波斯一向是他最看重的一个兄弟,如今更要敬重他——别人都躲在墙里,只有他敢出来。
他掷出长枪,打在阿基琉斯的盾上,弹开了。他回过头去向弟弟要第二支枪。
身边没有人。
他一辈子按别人的眼睛行事,而最后让他站住的那双眼睛是假的。
诗里没有写他在那一刻明白了什么。写的是:他心里清楚了,说了一句"神明召我来送死",然后拔出腰间那把大剑冲上去。他知道自己完了,他还是冲了。
*
那一天早些时候,安德罗马克在家里。
她坐在内室最深处织一幅紫色的双层布,上面绣着花。她已经吩咐女仆们把大三脚锅架上火,烧好热水,好让赫克托尔从战场上回来洗澡。诗里在这里加了一句:她不知道,他离洗澡这件事已经很远了。
然后城头上传来哭喊。她扔下梭子跑出去,跑到城墙上,看见的是自己丈夫被拖在车后,在城前的平原上拖着走。
*
他临死求了一件事:不要把我扔给狗,收下我父母的赎金,让他们把我的尸体带回去火化。
阿基琉斯说不。他说,但愿我的怒气能驱使我把你的肉割下来生吃;没有人能把狗从你头上赶开,就算他们抬来十倍二十倍的赎金,就算普里阿摩斯用等身的黄金来换。
赫克托尔咽气之前又说了一句:小心神明的愤怒,帕里斯和阿波罗会在斯开亚门前杀掉你。
说完他就死了,魂魄离开肢体,往冥土去,哭着自己的命运,丢下了青春和壮健。
阿基琉斯拿刀在他两脚的脚筋上穿了洞,从脚跟到踝骨,用牛皮带穿过去,拴在车后,让头拖在地上。他跳上车,扬鞭走了。尘土起来,那颗从前俊美的头在土里拖着。
城头上他母亲扯下头巾,他父亲在人堆里呻吟,全城的人哭得像整座伊利昂从顶上烧起来一样。
本文依据罗念生、王焕生译本(人民文学出版社),人名地名从该本。另有陈中梅译本通行,人名写法不同。