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SAE Value Theory · Essay Four
SAE 价值论 · 第四篇
Essay 04 of 08
第 04 篇,共 08 篇

On the Dynamics of Value

论价值的动力学

Han Qin (秦汉)Independent English edition中文原作 · 简/繁

Abstract

Three essays in, the synchronic figure is up, the entrance to occurrence is up, and the reading of those places when they are violated is up. What is missing is time. Every time an earlier essay met the question how does this change as it runs, it handed the question forward to this one.

Three things enter time: the reachability of a source, concrete contents, and the centre of gravity. A source-position once gained is not among them — within the range where the bearer's structure stands, its presence no longer varies.

What most needs guarding against here is not saying too little. It is building a machine. The grammar of dynamics wants a source of motive power, and this system has none: a source is a structural ground, not a supply end for contents, and avowal and uptake are completed in the first person, where no external description reaches. So every explanation takes one form: which places were open at the time, which road was reachable at the time. Conditions can be listed, and conditions are necessary without being sufficient. Where they fall short is not a debt the explanation owes. It is exactly where the bearer stands.

And one cut has to be held throughout: accumulation and diachrony are not the same thing. The same running repeated many times is accumulation. One constituting act not yet complete in time is diachrony. Constitution is not reached by accumulation, and constitution can be diachronic. Running is the other way round — it comes in a spectrum, and accumulation in time can make it deeper or shallower.

1. Three Things Enter Time

Within the range where the bearer's structure stands, a value-source once gained has its presence unvarying from the moment of gaining: not with the arising and passing of concrete contents, not with the rise and fall of reachability, not with the shifting of the centre of gravity. This does not say a person has one and the same set of source-positions for life. What dimension-opening does is add a source-position on top of the old ones; it adds, and does not alter what is already there. What has been gained is not thereafter reduced.

Precisely because those do not move, the other three can be read as rises and falls rather than as the thing itself coming into and going out of existence. A content faded and that row of source is still there, so it is a fading and not a vanishing. Reachability has somewhere to come back to, so it is called gaining. Going back costs nothing, because what a cost would have to be measured against never moved at all. Three sentences, one fact underneath.

What is unvarying is the presence of a source-position already gained, not its running. A bearer voiding a higher source whose conditions of application have actually arrived voids that row's reachability; the row is still there, and so is the history of construction. What can be sealed is the road to them, not the things themselves.

The three readings have different subjects. Reachability is read per row of source: in this domain, can any candidate out of that row still surface. Content is read per content: is this one in the candidate field right now, is it at the centre of gravity. The centre of gravity is read per action: what did the organization of this action actually draw on. The three subjects are not on one level. So the three together are not a state vector — you cannot combine their values freely like coordinates, and there is no transition rule taking one set of values to the next.

Only one direction of inference holds among them: if an action has a centre-of-gravity reading, then at least one avowed content on that row is taking part in organizing the action. No other direction holds — and least of all reachability from the centre of gravity. A man can go on living by the one thing he avowed long ago while that row throws up nothing new at all. Reachability asks whether new candidates out of that row can still surface; an avowed content taking part in organizing an action is an existing draw, and is no evidence of that row's current reachability.

ReadingRead perThe question it asks
Reachabilityrow of sourceIn this domain, can any candidate out of that row still surface
Concrete contentcontentIs this one in the candidate field now; is it at the centre of gravity
Centre of gravityactionWhat did the organization of this action actually draw on
(Presence of a gained source-position)—Does not vary; not a dynamical reading

2. No Motor

Why a content occurs at this moment and not that one: the answer here does not take the form what pushed it. It takes the form which places were open at the time, which road was reachable.

This is not to say conditions do not matter. Experience, the body, relations, a work encountered — any of these can be the condition of an avowal or an uptake. What is refused is two other things: an engine built into the source, and a transition law that computes constitution completed out of conditions.

The reason was already given when the source was raised: a source is a structural ground, not a causal origin producing contents, and not a store or supply end for them. A supply end can be asked how much it outputs, when, and how fast. A structural ground admits none of those questions. Writing the dynamics as a law of output amounts to changing the source, on the ontological figure, into something else.

Conditions can be listed, and conditions are necessary without being sufficient: list them all and the event can still fail to happen. That is not a debt the explanation owes. And the gap is not there waiting for a stronger cause to fill it. It is where this structure is simply open. The bearer stands there.

Nor can it be closed by adding more conditions. Set up a condition for applying the conditions, and that one has itself to be applied to the case; the gap has only moved to the next line of the list. A list does not close by getting longer.

The first critique established the same shape at the working end: applying a rule to a case cannot itself be given by a rule. There it is the operator's cut; here it is a bearer's uptake of a bridge of his own. Same shape, not reducible to each other.

3. Accumulation and Diachrony

However long, accumulation gives no content a position it did not gain in constitution. Habituation produces no ownership, long holding produces no avowal, and long interruption revokes none. The colonization essay established a special case of the same sentence: repeated claiming produces no source; run it ten thousand times and it still produces none. The reason there was not that repetition is weak. It is that what it names lies on the side of constitution.

But constitution can be diachronic. Some avowals occur in a moment; some take shape by degrees and settle only after years. A person often has to try living a thing for a while before it settles, and what happens during that while is not the gathering of evidence — it is avowal itself taking shape by degrees. There is no conflict with the paragraph above, because accumulation and diachrony are two things: accumulation is one kind of running repeated many times; diachrony is one constituting act not yet finished.

From outside the two look alike. A man does the same thing for ten years. Those ten years can be one kind of running repeated many times, with that thing never claimed by him in his own law. They can equally be one avowal taking shape across those ten years and settling somewhere in them. What is seen from outside is the same ten years.

Running, on the other side, does accumulate, and usually that is exactly how it changes. Reachability can be impaired by degrees and can be restored by degrees. What is said is the direction of change, not where the line falls.

Constituting and recognizing a constituting are two things. Constituting completes when it happens. Recognizing it may be simultaneous, or may come later in the running and in retrospect; there is no general order. And recognizing does not constitute: once a constituting act is complete it is complete, and a later recognition neither makes it happen nor makes it count. Coming early or late alters nothing about what has already been done — and never finding an occasion to draw on it does not make it not have happened.

4. Underdetermined from Outside

Every reading this essay gives is underdetermined before the third person: one and the same visible performance corresponds, structurally, to several different readings, and those readings cannot be told apart by behaviour alone.

This is not insufficiently fine observation, and not a shortage of material. It has two roots.

The first: claiming, revision and withdrawal are first-person constituting acts, and there is no set of external signatures both necessary and sufficient and portable to someone else. Two candidates were already ruled out. Verbal declaration is not necessary, because many value-contents are embodied and tacit. A durable preference is not sufficient, because a liking can hold thirty years and never be claimed. More generally, the third person cannot exhaustively verify whether an avowal occurred, so external evidence does not close into a final criterion. Facts about the relational structure really are readable: whether the candidate field is filled, whether a denial can be registered as a denial, whether the paths of revision and withdrawal are open. Reading those is not the same as being able to determine.

The second: even on the observable side, the variables of running fall on a spectrum, and there is no identifiable point on that spectrum where the line lies. Whether it has been crossed cannot, at the margin, be read off by a finer rule. It has to be judged case by case.

The colonization essay set an upper bound from the criterion side: an audit that oversteps generates, structurally, the very relation introjection requires. What is set here has the same root on the other side — there the limit is how far audit can go; here it is what form explanation may take.

Hence a general rule: this essay gives no decision procedure that infers constitution sufficiently from third-person evidence, and no final test. This is not modesty. It is a direct corollary of the two roots. Facts about the relational structure can be distinguished, and distinguishing them does not convert into determining constitution; between the two steps stands the previous essay's sentence. Anything made out of these readings into a ruler to hold up against another person is not the thing established here.

5. What Reachability Is

A road is reachable when, in some content-domain, candidates out of one of the bearer's own rows of value-source can still surface from his own working and enter the candidate field.

A source gives a shape, not a candidate. A structural position gives, by its structure, the form in which a class of value can land there — as the shape of a socket decides what can fit into it. So saying a candidate comes out of a row of source says it fitted that shape, not that the row produced it. The surfacing itself is, throughout, the bearer's own working.

Reachability is read per row of source, not per content. It asks whether new candidates out of that row can still surface in this domain. It does not ask whether any have surfaced right now, and it does not ask whether the ones already claimed are still in use. A road reachable with nothing surfacing at the moment is ordinary — a man goes a stretch with no particular thoughts about something, and that does not mean the road is cut. Conversely, a road unreachable does not mean the domain stands empty; usually it is not empty at all, only that everything that gets in comes from elsewhere. Can surface and has surfaced are two things.

Reachability is also not presence. The presence of a gained source-position is the thing that does not move; reachability is the thing that does. Colonization acts always on reachability and never on presence. A man's road on some row can be obstructed for a long time, and this domain go long without one candidate out of it, and the row is still there.

Reachability falls on the side of running, so it comes in a spectrum: the road can be clear, and it can be obstructed. And on that spectrum there is no identifiable point where the line between reachable and unreachable lies. What is sayable is the direction of change — that a row's reachability is being impaired by degrees, or recovering by degrees. What is not sayable is how far it has got, and no case's line may be carried over and applied to another. At the margin, judge case by case.

One relation to the previous essay should be marked. Occupation is defined as a domain sealed by an external end until no candidate out of one's own rows can be got. Reachability is the same question on the affirmative side. But unreachability does not arise only from occupation: occupation is the variety of unreachability sealed shut by an external end, not the whole of it.

6. Four Men

That no candidate out of one's own rows can surface in a domain — this state, by itself, judges nothing. What has to be asked is what maintains it. And there can be more than one maintainer: one and the same seal can be propped from outside and kept by the bearer himself at once. So the question has an order. First: is anything outside maintaining it? If yes, it goes to the externally maintained kind, and does not move out of it because the bearer is also keeping it. If no, is he maintaining it himself? If still no, it is the kind where the conditions no longer obtain. The three are not an added taxonomy. They are the three answers this one question falls to in order.

The three look identical from outside, so they have to be set side by side. Take the 15DD domain. Four men, and from outside none of them any longer does, for the people near him, the things one only does by taking the other as an end.

The first man genuinely has no one near him. He moved a few times, the old ties broke, and the new place has not grown any relations yet. The actual other this row requires is not present, and no candidate out of his own row can surface in this domain.

The second man has someone near him — that person is right in front of him — and he keeps everything he has carried along the way, and he has voided this person's standing as an end entirely.

The third man has someone near him. And in the matter of how to treat people, every practice he can bring himself to name comes from a set of rules picked up elsewhere; what surfaces from his own working cannot get into this domain's candidate field.

The fourth man, from very early on, has had in the matter of how to treat people only one set of practices given by others. A candidate out of his own row has never once surfaced in this domain.

Four men in the same state, with different maintainers.

In the first, no one is maintaining it. The conditions that carry this row's running no longer obtain: the field is gone, the people one did the thing with are not there, the bodily or temporal conditions changed. What is said here is that a whole row throws up no candidate of one's own, not that some particular content no longer surfaces — that latter is the rise and fall of contents. No external end is maintaining anything here, and the colonization criterion correctly fails to reach it. It is not pathology and not a defect. It is a person's circumstances changing in time.

In the second, the bearer maintains it himself. He actively voids a higher source whose conditions of application have actually arrived — the active closing marked off from neutral going-back. The conditions having actually arrived is, in his case, that the particular other is already in front of him; that is exactly what separates this from a plain going-back, where the condition is not present. There are people near him and no external end maintaining this voiding, so it does not fall under the colonization judgment. What it changes is that row's reachability, not its presence: the history of construction cannot be erased. What is voided is the running, not the fact that the row was once gained.

In the third, it is maintained from outside. The third man and the fourth are both here: something occupies this domain's candidate field, and that something is propped from outside. This cell goes to the colonization essay to be judged, and the reading there is asymmetric — three signatures complete, the reading of external colonization in this domain is determinate; an irrefutable attribution absent, that branch does not hold, determinately; attribution present with occupation or locking incomplete, the third person stops at cannot-determine, which is neither a weaker positive nor a negative.

The three readings differ, and none of them moves the case out of this kind: what is propped from outside does not disappear because a branch was excluded, nor because the reading was cannot-determine. So this essay does not loosen that narrow criterion, and does not coin a name for the ones that could not be determined.

Higher, here, means structural order of position — presupposing more, later in the order of unfolding. It is not a ranking of value. A content falling in a source-domain later in the structural order is not thereby weightier, and a bearer drawing on it is not thereby higher in value-standing.

Put together, the three give one result: unreachability is not uniformly pathology. The same state is, in one kind, circumstances having changed; in another, the man himself having closed it; and only in the third is it the colonization essay's business to judge.

Who maintains the sealThe readingWhich criterion has jurisdiction
No oneThe conditions that carry this row's running no longer obtainNot pathology. The colonization criterion correctly fails to reach it
The bearer himselfActively voiding a higher source whose conditions of application have arrivedThe active closing; not colonization — no external end
Something outsideSomething occupies the candidate field, propped from outsideGoes to the colonization essay; the reading there is asymmetric

7. Gaining Is Not Retrieving

This section is about the gaining of reachability, not its recovery. Recovery is one cell of it — the cell where there was something before.

In the fourth man there is no before to go back to. On the shape of his own row, no candidate has ever surfaced from his own working. If one day the first such candidate takes a position in this domain, that too is a gaining of reachability — and it is nothing coming back. Calling the whole thing recovery implies there was an original waiting to be retrieved, and that is exactly what the colonization essay blocked when it pinned discovery down: discovery means only a content taking a position under one of one's own rows, not finding an existing item.

And in the cell where there was something before, what is gained is not standing. The belonging of a place is permanent, and what colonization can do is make claiming, revision and withdrawal unreachable in running. So no one needs to give the bearer back the standing to claim, because no one took it. What is restored is running. Same grammar as going-back: what goes back is the running, not the history of construction. What is constitutive is not abolished by a relational act, and therefore is not returned by one either.

8. What the Outside Can Stop

Whether the outside has any purchase here is settled not by which place is sealed but by the same question as before: who maintains the seal. The three cells give three answers.

Where no one maintains it, there is nothing to release. The first man's domain throws up no candidate because the conditions are gone; that was never pathology, and there is nothing to undo.

Where he maintains it himself, there is nothing that can be stopped. The voiding is the second man's own doing; no one outside is holding it down. Others can still be right in front of him, that other can still be present, and the row still throws up nothing. The outside is not without work to do — it can be present, it can ask, it can make that condition of application arise, again and again. What it does not have is an act that could revoke this voiding.

Where the outside maintains it, something is being propped, and there is therefore a form in which it can stop. What is being maintained differs by case, and there are three seals.

One seals the provenance of candidates. That single set of rules fills this domain's candidate field, so that what does not come from it cannot get in. It is maintained from outside; ceasing to fill it is the release.

One seals the channel of rebuttal for one attribution. The community says of some content that this person has claimed it as his value, and his denial of that attribution cannot be registered as a denial within the relational structure. Whether an attribution is present, and whether a denial can be registered as a denial, are facts about the relational structure that the third person can read; making it registrable again is likewise a matter of the relational structure.

One seals the whole of the paths of reflection, restatement, revision and withdrawal. This differs from the last: that one sealed only the rebuttal of one attribution; this one seals whether he can change anything at all.

All three are propped from outside, and all three have a form in which they stop. Stop all three and the state no longer holds: once the attribution occupying the constitutive place is withdrawn and can be denied, that content falls back to being a candidate and is no longer taken as constitution completed. The reading on the bearer's side was indeed occupied too — and that is a structural matter, not his subjective assent; being structural, it fails along with what was propping it.

The outside's purchase ends there, and where it ends is not here. After that content falls back to being a candidate, whether it then becomes his value is a further step: it has to take a position under one of his own rows. Dissolving does nothing for that step; it only clears the seat. And no external act can perform that step by proxy. The outside can still hand over candidates, demonstrate, clarify, get the conditions of occurrence ready — and taking a position under one of his own rows is a step only he can walk.

And one branch does not dissolve along with it. If the case also involves an external warrant counterfeiting the standing of one's own source-domain, that branch is not automatically dissolved by the release of relational conditions: what props it is not anyone in the relation but a standing that stops outside — and that branch's only tense is retrospect. A change in relational conditions can be the occasion for a retrospect. It cannot substitute for one. The two branches can coexist in one case, and neither follows from the other, nor dissolves with it.

So the line can be written in a sentence. Releasing conditions is an act whose result is not decided by the one who performs it; whereas the three seals stand up without needing any cooperation from the receiving side. Fill the candidate field, fix a content as constituted, void the revisable place — those three, once standing, make the seal stand. They can come from one person's arrangement, or be propped jointly by a stretch of relations no one is coordinating; what is judged is the state, not whose handiwork it is. And what they set up is a seal, not a constituting: whether a content was ever claimed in the bearer's own law, that seal does not decide by a hair. While stopping the filling, withdrawing the attribution, giving back the paths of revision — when all of that is done, nothing has been completed. Whether any candidate out of his own rows can surface in that domain, and whether he claims what surfaces, is entirely his.

It follows that handing in a candidate is not making reachability be gained. It is not overstepping — a demonstration, a clarification, a work encountered are all everyday shaping; they put candidates into the receiver's field, and whether the content becomes his value-content still rests on his avowal. Handing in a candidate is not the gaining of reachability, not because it ought not be done, but because it is not what it does. Reachability asks whether candidates out of his own row can surface in this domain, and the one handed in did not surface from his working.

One asymmetry has to be written down. The outside can give back the operability of the revisable place; the revising can still only be done by the bearer in the first person. The first is clearing the road, the second is walking it. Neither substitutes for the other: road cleared and no one walks, no revision happened; and if he would walk while the road is locked, the step has nowhere to land.

A last limit. Conditions complete does not guarantee that the gaining occurs. The permanence of a place gives a place belonging to the bearer; it gives no attainment and no timetable. And who is entitled to do the releasing, to what degree, and whether releasing ought to be encouraged, are normative questions this essay does not draw on.

9. Two Cuts on Fading

An avowed content has faded. The sentence holds from outside, and underneath it there can be three different things. Two cuts tell them apart.

The first cut asks: was there a first-person constituting act in this change? If not, it is a rise or fall in running — the content may not be entering the current candidate field, or it may be entering and not at the centre of gravity. Either way, its standing as this bearer's value-content has not changed. If yes, go to the second cut.

The second cut asks: has the original claiming terminated? Not terminated: revision. Terminated: withdrawal.

Two cuts, not three items in a row. The three outcomes are not on one side to begin with: a rise or fall in running is on the running side, while revision and withdrawal are both on the constituting side — which is the essay's opening cut. Lay the three out as three level options and you read them as peers, and hide that cut.

A man has hardly played the piano these past few years. The sentence holds from outside, and underneath it there are three things — and between the first and the other two stands the first cut: in the first nothing constitutive happened at all; in the other two something did.

One: he still holds playing as his own, and simply has not played much these years. The place is open, he has nothing he wants to change, he just has not played.

Two: he still claims it, and it is no longer the same one. What it used to be was becoming someone who could take the stage; what it is now is playing weekly with a few people. The old shape no longer appears, so from outside it reads as fading — and the claiming has not terminated. What changed is the content itself. This is revision.

Three: he no longer claims it. If he sits down at the piano again after this, that is another matter. This is withdrawal.

The three look identical from outside. The judgment does not rest on the state but on what happened in this change, and whether the original claiming is still there.

10. Not Lost by Disuse, Not Gained by Resemblance

An avowed content does not lose its standing by long absence from running. Standing changes only by revision or withdrawal — not by the passage of time, and not by attention moving away.

This is the mirror, at the level of content, of the source–occurrence decoupling: there, a source's presence is not lost with the rise and fall of contents; here, a content's standing is not lost with the rise and fall of its own running.

On the not-terminated branch, what comes back is its re-entering the candidate field, or its re-taking the centre of gravity; nothing happens at the constitutive place. A content revised along the way stays on this branch, because the claiming did not terminate. The withdrawn branch is different: what appears now is a candidate. How much it resembles the earlier one gives it nothing. Resemblance does not inherit constitution; it has to pass first-person avowal again to become this person's value-content.

All three men take up the piano again ten years later. In the first two, what comes back is the same avowed content — in the second, in its revised shape. In the third, what appears is a candidate; however much it resembles what he once claimed, it still has to go through his own law again. From outside they look identical: all three are playing again after ten years.

Maintenance and investment, handed forward from the previous essay, settle here. They are facts on the running side, not conditions on the constituting side. Sustained investment changes how often a content enters the candidate field and whether it holds the centre of gravity; it neither changes nor consolidates its standing, and long non-investment does not diminish it. So the two words can be used freely: they were never about constitution, and need not borrow the name of valuing.

No external criterion of identity is set here — that is, whether what surfaces now counts as the same content is not decided by degree of resemblance. Whether it counts is decided by how far that claiming itself reaches, and that is a first-person matter: what falls within its reach was already his content and needs no re-taking; what falls outside it is a candidate however alike, and must pass avowal again. On the withdrawn branch the question does not arise: the claiming has terminated, and reaches nothing.

The distinction between the branches must be kept, though. It blocks the thought that a withdrawn content automatically resumes its place by surfacing again. Withdrawal is real. As for which branch a given case falls on, look at what the claiming reaches — and only he can answer that. The answer may come at once, or may have to wait until he looks back.

11. Neither Change nor Stability Is a Criterion

The colonization essay established one negative: revision and change are not evidence of colonization, and reading he changed as a sign of he was colonized is reading the norm as pathology.

The positive half has to be narrowed. A content faded, another rose, the centre shifted — these are rises and falls in running, and they do not prove the revisable place is open: with the place locked, contents rise and fall all the same. What does have proving force is something else: that a first-person revision or withdrawal was actually carried out. That proves the place is operable now, and cannot prove in reverse that it was never locked before.

Stability proves nothing either. A content untouched for ten years may be a place open with nothing he wanted to change, or a place locked and nothing he could change. The two look identical from outside.

So neither change nor stability serves as a criterion of colonization. Nor does the amount of change, since that would require identifying a point on a spectrum, and there is no such point.

12. The Centre of Gravity

The centre of gravity is which row of source the organization of one action actually draws on.

It is read per action, and it has a domain of definition: only an action organized by contents the bearer has avowed has a centre of gravity to read. An action organized solely by external requirement, by habitual reaction, or by a script that has taken no standing in his own law gets no centre-of-gravity reading here. The restriction is not optional. Forcing a reading amounts to retroactively certifying something occupied as the running of one of his own rows — which is exactly what the whole middle of this essay is blocking. No reading does not mean low value, and does not mean the action does not count.

Within that domain, any action can be asked which row it draws on, and the question needs no stretch of time and no window. It need not be unique — one action can draw on several rows at once. It need not be stable — two consecutive actions drawing on different rows says nothing in itself; a person without a stable centre of gravity is not thereby defective.

Saying his centre of gravity lately is on such a row already contains a vague window and has already gathered many readings together. What comes out of the gathering is a description, not the centre of gravity as defined here; nor does it thereby become another state the bearer is in.

So this essay does not ask how long counts, or how many times counts, and sets no uniform measure for the centre of gravity. The reason is not that it cannot be counted: how many of the last ten actions drew on a given row is perfectly countable. The reason is that what you counted is not the centre of gravity. The centre of gravity is read per action and done; it does not accumulate into a further state on top of those counts. And taking such counts and ranking people by them runs into another block: being an end does not rank, and quantities of this kind have no place to sit in value-standing.

13. The Centre Converts into No Ranking

Richness and the centre of gravity fall on two levels. Richness falls at the level of presence and the history of construction: the breadth of value-dimensions operable for the bearer himself, accumulating with the history of construction and not erasable. The centre of gravity falls at the level of running, free to move, and going back in running costs nothing in value. The two do not imply each other: using few right now does not change the breadth already gained in the history of construction, and having gained much does not require using much right now.

So which row an action's organization draws on has nothing to do with the bearer's value-standing.

The question a reader most wants to ask at this point is am I regressing. The question's presupposition does not hold. It presupposes that the centre of gravity moving toward rows earlier in the structural order could be a loss, and that cannot be a loss: structural order is not value order, and going back costs nothing. This is not a refusal to answer. It is that what the question asks about has no place in the structure.

The centre moving away also comes in two kinds that look identical from outside. In one, the row is intact and this stretch of actions simply is not organized out of it. In the other, that row is already unreachable and throws nothing up. The first says nothing at all; the second sends you back to ask what maintains the seal. Their external appearance can be exactly the same.

One more thing on this level works the same way. After a particular value-demand is met, that domain may go on producing new demands, or may produce no more. Neither changes the source — a source does not grow because demands keep coming, or shrink because they cease — and neither changes the bearer's value-standing. It is said here only that both happen; not which is better.

14. Output and Position Are Two Axes

What a person made, learned, left behind — these are legitimate objects of dynamics, and discussing them violates nothing. What was refused was using them as a criterion, not discussing them.

The two axes do not imply each other. Where the places are open there can be years with nothing to show; a relation that falls under the colonization criterion can come with considerable achievement. A man inside an appraisal-grammar that is in no way his own can make a great deal, and make it well; a man on the row he avowed can go a long time making nothing.

There is one inference readers actually make: there is output, so it is not colonization. That one has to be refuted, because it looks most like common sense. Its error is not that it is too wide. It is that it switched axes: output says what came out of that place; the criterion asks whose end occupies that place. A relation can both have an external end at the constitutive place and really have got this person to make a good deal. The two hold separately, diminish nothing in each other, and prove nothing about each other.

Block the other directions with it. No output does not show that this was not really his value-content. No output does not show the place is sealed. An open place does not guarantee output. And a colonization holding does not mean there was necessarily no development there.

Taking output as the criterion is really taking something visible in place of something invisible in principle. Output is right there for anyone to read, and a constituting act has no necessary and sufficient external signature. Substituting the easy for the hard usually works elsewhere; it does not work here, because the reading you substituted in does not prove the thing to be proved.

Development here means observable results in capacity, work, or institutions. It does not mean dimension-opening, and it does not mean a rise in value-standing. Neither of those is on this axis at all.

15. The Occasion of Dimension-Opening

Why an opening is taken up at this moment and not another: two conditions can be listed.

One is the structural premise: the remainder of the current construct gives a legitimate bridge. This one does not vary with the moment; while it is there it is there.

One is the occasional condition: the conditions of application of that row of source actually arise. This is what answers why now and not then. At 15DD it is a particular other having entered the relational field.

Both conditions present and no uptake occurring is legitimate. Two people's current constructs leave the same bridge, and each has a particular other standing in the relational field; one takes it up and one does not. Same structural premise, same occasional condition, different events. This is not a missing condition. Adding one would not close it, because that one has itself to be applied to the case; the gap has only moved to the next line.

The word reachability is not borrowed here. Reachability asks whether candidates out of an existing row can surface in a domain, and a bridge points at a source-position not yet gained; a source one does not have admits no question of reachability. It follows that occupation cannot reach a bridge either: that line is drawn at not being able to get a candidate out of one of one's own rows in this domain, and a bridge is not a candidate under any existing row. A bridge can in fact go unmet; a person can go a lifetime without meeting such a situation. And not meeting it is not colonization — just as the man with no one near him is not colonized. The colonization criterion does not cover this; the address is marked and no new line is drawn.

Uptake can occur only from the bearer's first person. The question left open when valuing was raised — why a bearer takes up at just this moment — is answered here on the side of conditions, not on the side of causes.

Whether an opening is complete has no external criterion independent of first-person uptake. Two words have to be kept apart here, and what separates them is not time but object. Awareness has as its object what is happening this moment: a man can know what he is doing now, and know that it is not light for him. Determination has another object: whether what happened this moment was in fact an uptake. The two can be simultaneous, or far apart; there is no general order.

What uptake gains is a source-position. And a source-position is not the whole class of contents that have appeared; it is the shape that lets a whole class take a position. So the position can be recognized without waiting for the whole class actually to appear. If this once has already shown a new shape, the bearer may know it right then; if it has shown only one content whose reach is still unclear, that waits on later contents to make it plain.

Later running is its appearing, not its constituting. A man can, at some moment, resolutely treat another as an end, and the thing is done at that moment; if he never again meets an occasion that draws on that row, the uptake still happened, and is not retroactively deemed not to have happened by later scarcity. So what determination waits on is appearing, not constituting: it waits for a thing already done to show what it is, not for it to be done.

A cannot-but so strong the bearer cannot himself explain it is a first-person thread, not a criterion. It cannot determine a new source-position: every construct carries a remainder, and being unable to explain may be only that remainder, or only that he has not yet stated the old source's boundary clearly. Conversely, a real uptake need not be inexplicable; the bearer may perfectly well say it in the old words to hand. A thread stays a thread. It can let him know almost at once, and it does not thereby become a ruler to judge with.

And whether he knows at once or recognizes it only later, knowing does not constitute: uptake happened when it happened, and a later determination neither makes it happen nor makes it count.

16. Uptake Is Not an Obligation

A bearer with a legitimate bridge in front of him may decline to take it up, at no loss whatever in value-standing. A person can live his whole life within the rows of source he currently has, and that is entirely self-consistent. This was established earlier; it is a direct corollary of not ranking.

It has to be raised again here, because the preceding sections listed so many conditions that they can read like an indication of where one ought to go. They are not. Conditions are for reading how a thing happens, not for saying that it ought to happen. A remainder gives a shape; it gives no compulsion. No remainder forces the next cut.

The first critique established the same direction elsewhere: can be advanced is a capacity, not an obligation. Same direction, not reducible to each other.

17. What Remains

When one bearer's several avowed contents demand incompatible actions, how it is adjudicated belongs to the essay on conflict. This essay gives each one's reading in time; it does not give how they are settled when they meet.

Why another's value cannot be exhaustively read belongs to the essay on the other. The external underdetermination established here is that limit showing itself on the dynamics side.

How an avowed content moves toward action is the entrance to the theory of action. Judgment belongs there in its entirety; this essay does not use it and passes no verdict on it.

This essay gives readings in time; it gives no normative force. Whether the gaining of reachability ought to be encouraged, who is entitled to release those conditions and to what degree, whether a man's active voiding of a higher source whose conditions have arrived ought to be discouraged, whether a domain going on producing demands or ceasing to should be recommended, what place output's reading has in practical evaluation — the address is marked and nothing more.

Of the four things, only one does not move. Within the range where the bearer's structure stands, a value-source once gained has its presence unvarying: not lessened by a content fading, not by the centre moving away, not extinguished by an act of active voiding. Dimension-opening can add a source-position on top of the old ones, and what has been gained is thereafter only added to. What enters time is reachability, concrete contents, the centre of gravity — and the reason their rises and falls can be read as rises and falls is exactly that the unmoving things are there.

There is no motor in time here. Reachability impaired or gained, contents fading or returning, the centre moving about — these do vary with conditions, and no engine built into the source is pushing them, and no transition law computes events out of conditions. They are what the opening and shutting of places, and the holding or failing of conditions, look like in time; and however completely conditions are listed they do not entail a constituting, and where the list falls short is exactly where the bearer stands. What time can do is let a state of running deepen or thin, let an unfinished constituting act have room to finish, let a thing already done show what it did. It cannot claim for anyone, cannot make a content someone's by lasting, and cannot make it no longer someone's by interruption.

And all of these readings are underdetermined from outside. So what this essay gives is a way of reading, not a ruler.

提要

三篇下来,共时的图有了,发生的入口有了,被侵犯时的读数也有了,唯独没有时间。前三篇里凡遇到「在时间中如何演变」,一律手递到这里。

进入时间的是三样东西:源的可达,具体内容,以及重心。已经取得的源位不在其列:在承担者结构仍在的范围内,它一经取得就不再变动。

这里最要防的不是说得太少,是造出一台机器。动力学的语法天然要一个动力来源,而本系统没有:源是结构根据,不是内容的供应端,而接续与认领是第一人称完成的,外部描述不到它完成的那一处。解释因此一律取这样的形式:哪些位置当时开着,哪条路当时可达。条件可以列,而条件必要不充分。不充分之处不是解释的欠账,正是承担者站的地方。

读全篇要先持住一刀:累积与历时不是同一件事。同一种运行反复多次,是累积;同一个构成动作在时间中尚未完成,是历时。构成不由累积达成,而构成可以历时。运行那一侧则相反,它成谱,时间中的累积可以使它变深变浅。

一、进入时间的是三样东西

在承担者结构仍在的范围内,一项价值源一旦取得,它的在场自取得之时起不再变动:不随具体内容的生灭,不随可达的起落,也不随重心的位移。这不是说一个人一生只有同一组源位。开维所做的是在旧源之上新增一个源位,它增添,不改动已有的;已经取得的那些,此后不减。

正因为已取得的那些不动,别的三样才读得出是起落,而不是那东西本身在生灭。一项内容淡了而那一行源仍在,所以那是淡,不是没了。可达有个地方可回,所以那叫取得。回走无亏,是因为亏所要依据的那个东西根本没有动。三句都靠同一件事。

不动的是已取得的源位之在场,不是运行。承担者主动作废一个适用条件已经现实出现的高层源,所作废的是那一行的可达,那一行仍然在,构造史也仍在。可被封住的是通往它们的路,不是它们本身。

三样读数的主词各不相同。可达逐源行读,问的是这一域上还有没有出自那一行的候选浮得起来。具体内容逐内容读,问的是这一项此刻在不在候选场里,居不居重心。重心逐次行动读,问的是这一次行动的组织实际取自哪一行。三个主词不在同一层上,故这三样合起来不是一张状态向量,不能像坐标那样任意取值组合,也不会有一条从这一组值算到下一组值的转移规则。

它们之间只有一个方向的推论成立:一次行动若有重心读数,那一行上至少有一项已认领的内容正参与着行动的组织。此外各方向皆不成立,尤其不能由重心推出可达:一个人可以一直照着他早就认领下来的那一项过日子,而那一行此刻浮不起任何新的东西。可达所问的是这一域上还有没有出自那一行的新候选浮得起来,而一项已认领的内容参与组织行动,是既有的调用,不作那一行当前可达的证据。

读数读的单位所问
可达逐源行这一域上还有没有出自那一行的候选浮得起来
具体内容逐内容这一项此刻在不在候选场里,居不居重心
重心逐次行动这一次行动的组织实际取自哪一行
(已取得源位之在场)——不变动,不是动力学的读数

二、没有马达

一项内容为何在此刻发生而不在彼刻,本篇的回答不取「有什么推动了它」的形式,取「哪些位置当时开着,哪条路当时可达」的形式。

这不是说条件不起作用。经历,身体,关系,一部作品被遇见,这些都可以是一次认可或一次接续的条件。所拒的是另外两样:一台内置于源的发动机,以及一条由条件算出「构成已经完成」的转移律。

理由在立源时就已给定:源是结构根据,不是产生内容的因果来源,也不是内容的储存器或供应端。一个供应端可以被追问它输出多少,何时输出,输出得快还是慢;而结构根据没有这些问法。把动力学写成一套输出的规律,等于在本体图上把源改成了另一样东西。

条件可以列,而条件必要不充分:列齐了,事件仍然可以不发生。这不是解释的欠账。缺口也不是留给一个更强的动因去填的,它是这套结构在这一点上本来就开着。承担者就站在那里。

这一点不能靠再补条件来消掉。为条件的应用再立一条条件,那一条自身仍要被用于个案,于是缺口只是搬到了清单的下一格。清单不会因为更长而闭合。

第一批判在作业者那里立过同形的一条:把规则用于个案这件事,不能再由规则给出。那里说的是作业者的落刀,这里说的是承担者对自己一座桥的接续,两处同形而不互相还原。

三、累积与历时

无论多久,累积不使任何内容取得它在构成上未曾取得的位置。习惯化不产生所有权,长期的持有不产生认可,长期的中断也不撤销认可。殖民篇已就自我殖民立过同一句的一个特例:重复的认领不产生源,跑一万次也不产生;那里的理由不是重复无力,是它所指的那件事在构成那一侧。

但构成可以历时。有的认可发生于一瞬,有的渐次成形,经年才定;人常要试着活一段时间才定得下来,那段时间里发生的不是取证,是认可本身在渐次成形。这与上一段不冲突,因为累积与历时是两件事:累积是同一种运行反复了很多遍,历时是同一个构成动作还没有完成。

两者在外面看着一样。一个人做同一件事做了十年。这十年可以是同一种运行跑了很多遍,而那一项始终没有被他在自己的法里认领下来;也可以是一次认可在这十年里渐次成形,到某处定了。外面看到的是同样的十年。

运行那一侧则可以累积,而且通常就是累积着变的。可达可以渐次受损,也可以渐次恢复。说的是变化的方向,不是那道界的位置。

构成与对构成的辨认是两件事。构成在它发生的时候完成;辨认可以与它同时,也可以在后来的运行与回溯里发生,这里没有一条普遍的时序。确定不构成:一个构成动作一旦完成,它就已经完成,事后的确定不使它发生,也不使它作数;确定来得早还是来得晚,都不改动已经完成的那件事,而始终没有等来一个调用的场合,也不使它没有发生过。

四、外部欠定

本篇所给的每一项读数,在第三人称面前都是欠定的:同一段外面看得见的表现,在结构上对应几个不同的读数,而这几个读数不能单凭行为分辨开。

这不是观察还不够细,也不是材料不足。它有两条根。

一条在发生篇。认领,修订与退出是第一人称的构成动作,没有一组必要且充分而又可以拿到别人身上去用的外部签名。两样最常被当作签名的东西已经被排掉:言语表态不是必要的,因为许多价值内容是具身的,默会的;持久的偏好不是充分的,因为一种喜欢可以维持三十年而始终未被认领。更一般地说,第三人称不能穷尽核验一项认可是否真的发生,故外部的证据合不拢成一套终局的判据。关系结构里的事实因此确实读得到:候选场有没有被占满,一项否认能不能作为否认被登记,修订与退出的路径通不通。而读到它们不等于判得出。

另一条在纪律上。即便在可以观察的那一侧,运行的变量落在谱上,而谱上没有一个可指认的位置是那道界之所在。故过与未过在边缘处不能由更细的规则读出,只能逐案判断。

殖民篇已从判据那一侧立过一条上界:越界的审计在结构上生成内摄所需的那种关系。此处所立的与它同源而异侧,那里限的是审计能走多远,这里限的是解释可以取什么形式。

由此得一条通则:本篇不给一套能从第三人称的证据充分推出构成的判定程序,也不给终局的检验方法。这不是谦逊,是上面两条根的直接推论。关系结构里的事实可以分辨,而由分辨那些事实转不成判定构成,两步之间隔着殖民篇那一句。凡从本篇的读数里做出一把可以拿去看别人的尺的,所做成的不是这里所立的东西。

五、可达是什么

一条路可达,指的是在某一内容域上,还有出自承担者自己某一行价值源的候选,能够从他自己的运作里浮起来,进入候选场。

源给出的是形状,不是候选。一个结构位以其结构给出一类价值可以在此落脚的形态,如同一个位置的形状决定了哪一类东西能嵌进来。故说一个候选出自某一行源,说的是它嵌进了那个形状,不是说那一行把它生产了出来;浮起来的那一下,自始至终是承担者自己的运作。

可达是逐源行的读数,不是逐内容的。它问的是这一域上还有没有出自那一行的新候选浮得起来,不问此刻有没有浮起来,也不问已经认领下来的那些还在不在用。一路可达而当下什么也没浮上来,这是常事:一个人有一阵子对某件事没什么想法,不等于那条路断了。反过来,一路不可达也不是说这一域从此空着,那里通常并不空,只是凡进得来的东西都不出自这一行。浮得起与浮起来了是两回事。

可达也不是在场。已取得的源位之在场是不动的那一件,可达是会变的那一件。殖民一律作用于可达,从不作用于在场。一个人某一行源上的那条路可以长期受阻,这一域上久久不见一个出自它的候选,而那一行仍然在。

可达落在运行那一侧,故它成谱:这一路可以通畅,可以受阻。而谱上没有一个可指认的位置是可达与不可达之间那道界的所在。可说的是变化的方向,说一行的可达在渐次受损或渐次恢复;不可说它到了何处,也不可把某一个案上的那道界搬到另一个案上去用。边缘处怎么算,逐案判断。

与殖民篇的关系要标一句。占位说的是这一域被外来目的封到取不到出自自己某一行源的候选,可达说的是取得到,两者在能出与否上同源。而不可达不止因被占而起:占位是不可达当中被外来目的封死的那一种,不是它的全部。

六、四个人

这一域上再没有出自自己的候选浮得起来,这个状态本身不判任何事。要问的是它由什么维持着。而维持者可以不止一个,同一道封可以既由外部撑着,又由承担者自己守着,故这一问要有先后:先问有没有外部在维持,有则归入外部维持的那一种,不因承担者也在守而移出;没有,再问是不是他自己在维持;仍然没有,才是条件不再具备的那一种。三样由此而来,它们不是另立的分类,是这一问依次落下的三个答案。

三格在外面看着一样,故须并排摆出来看。以 15DD 那一域为例。有四个人,在外面看都不再对身边的人做那些只有把对方当作目的才做得出的事。

第一个人身边确实没有人了。搬过几次,旧的联系断了,新的地方还没有长出关系。这一行所要的那个现实的他者不在场,他这一域上浮不起出自自己的候选。

第二个人身边有人,那个人就在眼前,他也保有着自己一路走过来的那些,却把这个人作为目的的地位整个作废了。

第三个人身边有人。而在怎么待人这件事上,凡他说得出口的做法都出自一套从别处领来的规矩,他自己的运作里浮起来的那些进不了这一域的候选场。

第四个人从很早起,在怎么待人这件事上就只有一套别人给的做法,出自他自己那一行的候选从来没有在这一域浮起来过。

四个人的状态相同,维持者不同。

头一种没有人在维持。承载这一行运行的条件不再具备:所在的场没有了,共同做那件事的人不在了,做那件事所需的身体或时间条件变了。这里说的是整整一行都浮不起出自自己的候选,不是某一项具体内容不再浮上来,后者是内容的起落。没有外来的目的在这里维持着什么,殖民篇的判据正确地够不着它。它不是病理,也不是缺陷,它是一个人的处境在时间中变了。

第二种由承担者自己维持。他主动作废一个适用条件已经现实出现的高层源,即与中性回走切开的那一种主动的关闭。适用条件现实出现,在第二个人身上就是那个具体的他者已经在眼前;这一种与单纯的回走之别正在这里,回走时那个条件并不在场。他身边虽有人,却没有一个外来的目的在维持这次作废,故它不落殖民之判。它所改变的是那一行的可达,不是那一行的在场:构造史不可抹,作废的是运行,不是那一行曾经取得过这件事。

第三种由外部维持。第三个人与第四个人都在这里:有东西占着这一域的候选场,且那东西由外部撑着。这一格交殖民篇判是不是殖民,而那里的判读是不对称的:三项签名齐备,这一域上外部殖民的读数确定;一项不可反驳的归属不在场,这一支不成立,而这一判是确定的;归属在场而占位或锁定未齐,第三人称停在判不出,判不出既不是判出了一个较弱的形态,也不是判出了无。

三种读数不同,而它们都不把这一案移出这一种:外部撑着的那些东西不因这一支被排除而消失,也不因判不出而消失。本篇因此不放宽那里的窄判据,也不为判不成的那些另立一个名。

此处所谓高层,指的是结构位序,即预设更多,在展开的次序上更后。它不是价值序。一项内容落在结构位序更后的源域,不因此更重,调用它的承担者也不因此在价值地位上更高。

三样合起来给出的是:不可达不一概是病理。同一个状态,在没有人维持的那一种里是处境变了,在他自己维持的那一种里是他自己关的,只有外部撑着的那一种才轮到殖民篇去判。

由谁维持这道封读数归谁判
没有人承载这一行运行的条件不再具备不是病理,殖民篇的判据正确地够不着
承担者自己主动作废一个适用条件已经现实出现的高层源那一种主动的关闭;不落殖民,因无外来目的
外部有东西占着候选场,且由外部撑着交殖民篇判,那里的判读不对称

七、取得不是找回

本节的对象是可达的取得,而不是恢复。恢复只是其中一格,即先前有过的那一格。

第四个人那里没有先前可回。他自己那一行的形状上,从来没有一个候选从他自己的运作里浮起来过;若有一天头一个这样的候选在这一域取得位置,这也是可达的取得,而它不是任何东西的回来。以恢复统称,等于暗示有一个原先的东西在那里等着被找回,而那正是殖民篇把发现就地限死时挡掉的:发现只指一项内容在自己某一行源之下取得位置,不指找到一件既存之物。

在先前有过的那一格上,所取得的也不是资格。位置之归属恒在,殖民所能做的是使认领,修订与退出在运行上不可达。故没有人需要把认领的资格还给承担者,因为没有人拿走过。所复者是运行。这与讲回走时的语法相同:回走的是运行,不是构造史。构成性的东西不由关系性的动作取消,也就不由关系性的动作归还。

八、外部能停下什么

外部在这件事上有没有着力的形式,不看被封的是哪一位,仍按上一节那一问:那道封由谁维持。三格各有各的答案。

没有人维持的那一种,没有可释放的东西。第一个人这一域上浮不起候选是因为条件不在了,那本来也不是病理,无从谈解。

他自己维持的那一种,没有一个可以停下来的东西。作废是第二个人自己做的,没有谁在外面按着它。旁人可以还在他眼前,那个他者可以仍旧在场,而那一行照样浮不起候选。外部并非无事可做,它可以在场,可以发问,可以使那个适用条件一再现实地出现;它所没有的,是一个能撤销这次作废的动作。

外部维持的那一种有东西被撑着,故有停下来的形式。而被维持的是什么,各有不同,共三道。

一处封的是候选的出处。那套单一的规矩占满了这一域的候选场,使不出自它的东西进不来。它由外部在维持,停止占满即是解。

一处封的是某一项归属的反驳通道。社群把某项内容说成这个人已经认领的价值,而他对这项归属的否认在关系结构中不能作为否认被登记。归属在不在场,否认能不能作为否认被登记,这些都是关系结构里的事实,第三人称读得到;使它重新登记得上,同样是关系结构里的事。

一处封的是反思,重述,修订与退出的全部路径。这一道与上一道不同:上一道封的只是某一项归属的反驳,这一道封的是他还能不能改。

三道都由外部撑着,三道都有停下来的形式。三道一齐停下来,那个状态就不再成立:占着构成位的那项归属一旦撤回并可被否认,那项内容就退回候选的身份,不再被当作构成已经完成。承担者那一侧的读数确实也被占过,而那是结构上的事,不读作他主观上的赞同;既是结构上的事,撑着它的那些一撤,它也就跟着不成立了。

外部的着力到此为止,而止住的地方不在这里。那项内容退回候选之后,它此后成不成为他的价值,是另一步:要它在他自己的某一行源之下取得位置。解除不替这一步做任何事,它只是把位子腾出来。这一步没有哪个外部动作代行得了:外部仍可以递候选,可以示范,可以澄清,可以把发生的条件备齐,而在他自己的某一行源之下取得位置这一步,只能他自己走。

另有一支不随之解除。若这一案上还有那种以一份外部的担保冒充自己源域资格的情形,那一支不因关系条件的释放而自动解除:撑着它的不是关系里的谁,是那道停在外面的资格,而那一支唯一的时态是回溯。关系条件的变化可以成为回溯的机缘,却替不了回溯。两支可以在同一案上并存,而任何一支都不由另一支推出,也不随另一支的解除而解除。

界线因此可以写成一句:释放条件这一动作,其结果不由施加者决定;而那三样所封的状态不需要承受者那一侧配合就能立起来。占满候选场,把一项内容定作已构成,作废修订位,这三样立住了,那道封就立住了。它们可以出自一个人的安排,也可以由一片没有谁在统筹的关系共同撑着,所判的是那个状态,不是谁的手笔。所立起的是封,不是构成:一项内容在承担者自己的法里究竟有没有被认领下来,那道封一分一毫也决定不了。而停止占满,撤回归属,还回修订的路径,这些做完之后什么也没有完成:那一域上还有没有出自他自己的候选浮得起来,浮起来的他认不认领,全在他自己那里。

由此,递一个候选进来不是使可达取得。它不越界:一次示范,一次澄清,一部作品被遇见,都是日常的塑形,它们把候选送进承受者的场,而那项内容成不成为他的价值内容,仍在他自己的认可上。递候选之所以不是使可达取得,也不是因为它不该做,是因为它做的不是这件事。可达问的是这一域上还有没有出自他自己那一行的候选浮得起来,而递进来的那一个不是从他的运作里浮起来的。

一处不对称须写明。外部能还回可修订位的可运行性,修订本身仍只能由承担者第一人称做。前者是把路让开,后者是走。两者不可互相顶替:路让开了而人不走,修订就没有发生;而人若要走,路却锁着,那一步就无处落。

最后一句限。上面所列的条件,齐备也不保证取得发生。位置的恒在只给出一个属于承担者的位置,不给达成,也不给时间表。至于谁有资格去做这些释放,做到什么程度,以及释放当不当被促成,都是规范的问题,本篇不支取。

九、淡去的两刀

一项已认领的内容淡了,这句话在外面成立,而它下面可以是三件不同的事。分辨取两刀。

第一刀问:这一次变化里有没有发生一个第一人称的构成动作。没有,那是运行上的起落,它可以是这项内容不再进当前的候选场,也可以是它进了而不居重心;无论哪种,它作为这个承担者的价值内容,地位没有变。有,则进第二刀。

第二刀问:原来的那道认领有没有终止。没有终止,是修订;终止了,是退出。

两刀不是为了少摆几项。三个结果本来就不在同一侧:运行上的起落在运行那一侧,而修订与退出都在构成那一侧,这正是开篇那一刀。把三项平列摆出来,会把它们读成同级的三个选项,反倒把那一刀遮掉。

一个人这几年很少再弹琴了。这一句在外面成立,而它下面可以是三件事,而第一种与后两种之间隔着第一刀:前者什么构成动作也没有发生,后两种各有一个。

一种是他仍旧把弹琴当作自己的事,只是这几年没怎么弹。位置开着,他没有什么要改的,只是没有弹。

一种是他仍旧认领着它,而它已经不是原来那一项了。原来那一项是要成为一个能上台的人,如今是每周和几个人聚在一起弹。旧的那个形不再出现,所以在外面看是淡了;而认领并没有终止,改的是内容自身。这是修订。

一种是他不再认领它了。此后他若再坐到琴前,那是另一件事。这是退出。

三种在外面看着一样。判不在这个状态上,在这一次变化里发生了什么,以及原来那道认领还在不在。

十、不因不用而失,不因相似而得

一项已认领的内容不因长期不在运行而失去它的地位。地位的改变只由修订或退出发生,不由时间的经过,也不由注意的移开。

这是源发生对偶解耦在内容这一层的镜像:那里立的是源之在场不随内容的起落而失,这里立的是内容的地位不随它自己运行的起落而失。

未终止的那一支,回来的是它重新进候选场,或者重新居重心,构成位上什么也没有发生;其间经过修订的仍在这一支,因为那道认领没有终止。已退出的那一支不同:此刻出现的是一个候选。它与先前那一项像不像,不给它任何东西。相似不继承构成,它须重经第一人称的认可,才成为这个人的价值内容。

那三个人十年之后都又弹起了琴。前两个人那里回来的是同一项已认领的内容,第二个人那里回来的是它修订之后的形。第三个人那里出现的是一个候选,与他当年所认领的那一项再像,也仍要重走一遍他自己的法。外面看着一样,都是十年之后又弹起来了。

上一篇手递到本篇的维持与投入,在这里结清。两者是运行那一侧的事实,不是构成那一侧的条件。持续的投入改变的是这项内容进候选场的频率与它居不居重心,不改变也不巩固它的地位;而长久的不投入同样不削减它。故这两个词可以放心地讲,它们讲的自始就不是构成的事,也就不必借珍视之名。

这里不设外部的同一性判准,即不按相似的程度去定此刻浮上来的算不算同一项。算不算,由那道认领自己覆盖到哪里定,而那是第一人称的事:落在它覆盖之内的,本来就是他的内容,不需要任何重新接手;落在它之外的,无论多像都是一个候选,须重经认可。已退出的那一支更不必问,那道认领已经终止,覆盖不到任何东西。

两支之别却须保留。它挡的是这样一个想法:退出过的内容会因为再次浮现而自动复位。退出是实的。至于某一次究竟属哪一支,看那道认领覆盖不覆盖得到,而这只有他自己答得出;答得出的时候可以就在当下,也可以要等到回头看。

十一、变动与稳定都不是判据

殖民篇已立一条否定:修订与变动本身不是殖民的证据,把「某人变了」当作「某人被殖民了」的迹象,是把常态读成了病理。

而正面的那一半要收窄。一项内容淡了,另一项浮起来,重心挪了,这些是运行上的起落,它们不证明可修订位开着:位置锁着的时候,内容照样会起落。真有证明力的是另一件事,即一次第一人称的修订或退出实际做成了;那证明的是此刻那个位置可运行,而不能反过来证明它从前没有被锁过。

稳定同样什么都不证。一项内容十年没有动过,可以是位置开着而他一直没有什么要改的,也可以是位置被锁着而他改不动。两种在外面看着一样。

故变动与稳定都不作殖民的判据。变动的多少同样不作,因为那要求在谱上指认一个位置,而那样的位置没有。

十二、重心

重心指的是一次行动的组织实际取自哪一行源。

它逐次读,而它有一个定义域:只有由承担者已认领的内容组织起来的行动,才有重心可读。一次行动若只由外部的要求,习惯的反应,或一套尚未在他自己的法里取得地位的脚本组织着,本篇不给它重心读数。这一限不是可有可无的:硬派一个读数,等于把一件被占着的东西追认成他自己某一行源的运行,而那正是前面几节整节在挡的。无读数不表示价值低,也不表示那次行动不算数。

在这个定义域之内,任何一次行动都可以问它取自哪一行,而这一问不需要一段时间,也不需要一个窗口。它不必唯一,一次行动可以同时取自数行;它也不必稳定,前后两次取自不同的行,这本身不说明任何事;一个人没有一个稳定的重心,这不是缺陷。

说一个人「近来重心在某一行」,这句话里已经有一个模糊的窗,也已经把许多次读数聚在了一起。聚得出来的是一句描述,不是本篇所定义的重心;它也不因此成为承担者身上另外的一个状态。

本篇因此不问多久算数,不问几次算数,也不为重心设一把统一的度量。理由不是数不出来:最近十次行动有几次取自某一行,那是数得出来的。理由是那样数出来的东西不是重心,重心逐次读完就完了,它不在那些次数之上另外积成一个状态。至于把这样的数拿去比高下,那一步另有一条挡着:是目的这一地位不排序,这类量在价值地位上没有位置可放。

十三、重心不折算高下

丰度与重心落在两层上。丰度落在在场与构造史那一层,指的就承担者自己而言可运行的价值维度的广度,它随构造史累积而不可抹;重心落在运行那一层,可以自由移动,而运行的回走没有价值上的亏损。两层不互推:当下在用的少,不改变构造史上已经取得的广度;构造史上取得得多,也不要求当下就用得多。

故一次行动的组织取自哪一行,与承担者的价值地位无关。

读者读到这里最想问的那个问题,是「我是不是退步了」。这个问题的预设不成立。它预设了重心移向结构位序在前的那些行可以是一种亏损,而那不能是一种亏损:结构位序不是价值序,而回走无亏。这不是拒答这个问题,是这个问题问的那件事在结构上没有位置。

重心移开也有两种,在外面同样看着一样。一种是那一行完好,只是这一阵子行动的组织不取自它;另一种是那一行已经不可达,浮不起东西来。前者什么也不说明,后者要回去分它由什么维持着。两种的外部表现可以完全一致。

同一层上还有一件事同理。一项具体的价值要求被满足之后,那个域上可以继续出新的要求,也可以就此不再出。两者都不改变源,源不因要求不断而变多,也不因要求止息而变少;两者也都不改变承担者的价值地位。这里只说这两种都会发生,不说哪一种好。

十四、产出与位置两轴独立

一个人做成了什么,学会了什么,留下了什么,这些是动力学的正当对象,讲它们不违殖民篇。那里所拒的是拿它们当判据,不是拒绝谈它们。

两轴互不推出。位置开着的地方可以长年没有拿得出手的东西;一段落殖民判据的关系,可以伴随可观的成就。一个人在一套完全不是他自己认领下来的评价语法里,可以做出很多东西,而且做得很好;一个人在自己认领的那一行上,可以很久什么也没有做成。

读者真正会做的推论只有一个方向:「有产出,所以那不是殖民。」这一个必须驳掉,因为它最像常识。它的错处不在它太宽,在它换了轴:产出说的是从那个位置上出来了什么,判据问的是那个位置上占着的是谁的目的。一段关系可以既在构成位上占着一个外来的目的,又确实使这个人做出了不少东西,两件事各自成立,互不减损,也互不证明。

另几个方向一并挡住。没有产出,不说明那不是他真正的价值内容;没有产出,不说明位置被封着;位置开着,不保证会有产出;一段殖民成立,也不意味着那里必定没有发展。

拿产出当判据,实际做的是拿一个看得见的东西去替一个原则上看不见的东西。产出摆在那里,谁都读得到;而构成动作没有必要且充分的外部签名。以易得者代难得者,这一步在别处常常管用,在这里不管用:替下来的那个读数,所证的不是要证的那件事。

此处所说的发展,指的是可观察的能力,作品或制度上的结果。它不指开维,也不指价值地位上的提高。这两样东西根本不在这条轴上。

十五、开维的时机

一次开维之所以在此刻而非彼刻被接续,可列的条件有两项。

一项是结构前提:当前构的余项给出了一座合法的桥。这一项不随时刻变,它在的时候一直在。

一项是时点条件:那一行源的适用条件现实地出现了。回答「为什么是此刻而不是彼刻」的,是这一项。在 15DD 那一处,它就是一个具体的他者已经进入关系场。

两项齐备而接续不发生,是合法的。两个人当前的构都留下了同一座桥,各自的关系场里也都已经有一个具体的他者站在那里;一个接续了,一个没有。结构前提相同,时点条件相同,而事件不同。这不是少说了一项条件:补一项条件进去也不会闭合,因为那一项自身仍要被用于个案,缺口只是搬到了下一格。

这里不借「可达」一词。可达问的是这一域上还有没有出自某一行已有源的候选浮得起来,而桥指向的是尚未取得的源位;没有的源谈不上可达。顺此,占位也够不着桥:那道界定在这一域上取不到出自自己某一行源的候选,而桥不是任何已有源之下的候选。一座桥可以事实上遇不到,一个人可以一辈子没有遇到那样的处境;而遇不到不是殖民,正如那个身边没有人了的人不是被殖民。此处殖民篇的判据不覆盖,标出地址即止,不另开一道界。

接续只能由承担者从第一人称发生。立珍视时留下的那个问题,即承担者为什么在某一时刻恰好接续,这里给出的是条件那一侧的应答,不是原因那一侧的。

一次开维是否已经完成,没有独立于第一人称接续之外的外部判据。这里要把两个词分开,而分开它们的不是时间,是对象。觉知的对象是这一刻在发生什么:一个人可以知道自己此刻在做什么,知道这件事对他不轻。确定的对象是另一件:这一刻发生的那件事究竟是不是一次接续。两者可以同时,也可以隔开很久,这里没有一条普遍的时序。

接续所取得的是一个源位。而源位不是已经出现的那一整类内容,是使一整类能够取得位置的那个形状,故不必等一整类实际出现,那个位置才认得出。当下这一次若已经显出一种新的形状,承担者可以当下就知道;若当下只显出一项内容而它的射程还不清楚,那要靠此后的内容显明。

此后的运行是它的显现,不是它的构成。一个人可以在某一刻决然地把另一个人当作目的来待,这件事就在那一刻完成了;此后他若再没有遇到调用那一行的场合,那一次接续也已经发生过,不因后来的稀少而被追认为没有发生。故确定所等的是显现,不是构成:等的是这件已经成了的事显出它是什么,不是等它成。

一个「不得不」强到承担者自己也解释不通,这是一条第一人称的线索,不是判据。它判不出一个新的源位:任何一个构都带着余项,解释不通可以只是那片余项,也可以只是他还没有把旧源的边界说清楚。反过来,一次真的接续也未必解释不通,承担者尽可以用手边旧有的说法把它说出来。线索归线索,它可以使他几乎当下就知道,而它不因此成为一把可以拿来判的尺。

而无论当下就知道还是事后才认出来,知道都不构成:接续在它发生的时候就已发生,后来的确定不使它发生,也不使它作数。

十六、接续不是义务

一个承担者面前有一座合法的桥,它可以不去接续,不因此在价值地位上有任何亏损。一个人可以始终活在它当前的几行源里,这完全自洽。这一条此前已立,是不排序的直接推论。

这一条须在此重提,因为前面几节列了那么多条件,读起来像是在指出该往哪里走。它们不是。条件是用来读一件事怎么发生的,不是用来说这件事应当发生。余项给出形状,不给出强制;没有哪一片余项逼迫下一刀。

第一批判在另一处立过同向的一条:可推进是能力,不是义务。两处同向而不互相还原。

十七、剩下的路

一个人有多项已认领的价值内容,而它们在具体情境中要求不相容的行动,如何裁断,是冲突篇的对象。本篇给出的是每一项各自在时间中的读数,不给它们相遇时的裁法。

他者的价值为何不可穷尽读取,是他者篇的对象。本篇所立的外部欠定,是那道限界在动力学这一侧的显形。

已认领的价值内容如何走向行动,是行动论的入口。判断力整个归那里,本篇不用它,也不对它下任何判。

本篇给出时间中的读数,不给规范的效力。可达的取得当不当被促成,谁有资格去释放那些条件,释放到什么程度,一个人主动作废一个适用条件已经现实出现的高层源当不当被劝阻,一个域上的要求继续出还是不再出当不当有所推荐,产出的读数在实践的评价里占什么位置,这些一律标出地址即止。

四样东西之中,只有一样不动。在承担者结构仍在的范围内,一项价值源一经取得,它的在场就不再变动:不因内容的淡去而减,不因重心的移开而减,也不因一次主动的作废而灭;开维可以在旧源之上新增一个源位,而已经取得的那些,此后只增不减。进入时间的是可达,是具体内容,是重心,而这三样的起落之所以读得出是起落,正因为有那些不动的东西在。

时间在这里没有一台马达。可达受损或取得,内容淡去或回来,重心移来移去,这些确实随条件而变,而没有一台内置于源的发动机在推着它们,也没有一条从条件算出事件的转移律。它们是位置的开合与条件的成立与否在时间中的样子,而条件列得再齐也不推出构成,不齐的那一处正是承担者站着的地方。时间所能做的,是让运行的状态变深变浅,是让一个尚未完成的构成动作有余地完成,是让一件已经完成的事显出它完成了什么。它不能替任何人认领,不能凭长久使一项内容成为谁的,也不能凭中断使它不再是谁的。

而这一切读数在外面都是欠定的。故本篇给出的是读法,不是尺。

Academic original: Qin, Han (2026). On the Dynamics of Value (SAE Value Theory Series, Paper 4). self-as-an-end.net ↗ · DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22050204

学术原文:Qin, Han (2026). On the Dynamics of Value 论价值的动力学(SAE 价值论系列 Paper 4)。self-as-an-end.net ↗ · DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22050204