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SAE Conflict Treatise · Essay 01
SAE 冲突论 · 第一篇
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Who Pays the Electricity Bill

谁去交电费

Han Qin (秦汉)Independent English edition中文原作 · 简/繁

Two People, and a Thing Neither of Them Will Put Down

Two people live together. One of them holds that a household is a place where things get decided together — that anyone routinely gone around ends up being treated as though they were not there. The other holds that a person who has to ask before doing anything ends up losing the standing to do anything at all. Neither of these is a mood. Each has been arrived at, over years, by the person holding it; each organises how that person actually lives.

Most days this costs nothing. Then comes a week when the electricity bill is due, and one of them just pays it, and the other one goes quiet. And then it is not about the electricity bill any more, and it is also not about anything else they can name.

This treatise is about that. Not about how to argue better, not about how to compromise, not about how to get to yes. About what happens when two laws that each belong to their own bearer meet in one situation and require actions that cannot both be taken — and about how a person handles that without the handling itself taking away the position from which they hold a law at all.

Two Gates

A collision has to pass two gates to fall here. The first asks about its structure: are there in fact two already-formed laws, each its bearer's own, requiring incompatible action in one and the same situation? The second asks what handling it will touch: does the way this gets handled put at risk my being able to go on making first-person revisions, and my being able to go on being questioned?

A collision that touches that position no matter how it is handled can still be a nuisance, a loss, something genuinely sad. It is not what this treatise calls a conflict. Some accounts settle. Some things dissolve once said. Some things one person gives way on, and nothing is taken from the person who gave way. All of that is fine, and none of it needs what follows.

Both gates have to be passed together, and from that follows something counter-intuitive. The size of a collision does not decide the scope. A very small thing, handled by suppression, can touch that position; what those two people have frozen over may only be who pays the electricity bill. A thing that looks very large can, if both sides have room, never once touch it from beginning to end.

The second gate is anchored on my side, and there is a reason for that. Leaving conditions open for the other runs through the whole of this treatise. It bears on what is done at every step, and on when to stop. But it does not belong in the gate that screens cases. Write the other's side into the entry condition and the whole treatise shrinks to one sentence: first I judge whether you are worth it, then I decide whether to deal with you. And that is precisely the thing being dismantled here.

The other's side can enter this gate in only one form: does handling this case make it possible for me to occupy the position of constituting on his behalf? That question is still a question about me.

Four Names That Look Like They Set the Scope, and Do Not

Difference of opinion. Competing interests. Misunderstanding. Confrontation. Not one of these is enough on its own to rule a collision in, and not one is enough on its own to rule it out.

Whether interests can be measured is left open here; some convert and some do not, and that has nothing to do with whether they are the object of this treatise. A misunderstanding that dissolves once cleared never passed the first gate to begin with — and a conflict can sit there whole after both sides have understood each other completely.

Confrontation needs a sentence of its own. It is one of the moves by which a conflict is handled, not one of the kinds of thing a conflict is. A conflict can reach confrontation; it can also go from beginning to end without one. Listing confrontation as a type of conflict mistakes a move for an object.

And so what can be diagnosed is this operation, this time — not this person. Your Own Law established it: there is no finally-judged evil person, but there are diagnosable evil operations. The immediate consequence here is that this treatise gives no test whatsoever for determining which layer the other party is running on.

What the Object Gate Actually Says

Two already-formed laws, each its bearer's own, require incompatible action in one and the same situation, and three things hold at once: the two cannot certify each other's arrival, neither can legislate for the other, and neither can settle the account by unilaterally walking out.

Left standing on its own, that sentence locks. If I must first confirm that the other end really is a law of his own before I have standing to begin, then I never have standing to begin, because certifying the other's arrival is exactly what gets prohibited. And if I may begin without confirming, then the two laws in the sentence are not an operational gate at all, only a description.

The lock opens by separating two layers. At the layer of the object: what is treated here is, in fact, two separately formed laws requiring incompatible action in one situation. At the layer of operation: I can confirm only my own end. The other end appears as a requirement the other person bears in the first person and by which he goes on organising his action. I do not certify whether it has attained the standing of a law of his own — and I do not cancel it on his behalf on the ground that I could not certify it.

With the layers apart, both sentences hold and neither trespasses on the other. Handling begins on the principle that no one can stand in for anyone. If it later turns out the object type never obtained, then one exits — one does not reverse-judge the other party. Exiting says this thing does not belong here. Reverse-judging says the other end was not good enough. The first is about scope; the second is about a person, and this treatise has no standing to make it.

The First Narrowing: No Certifying Each Other's Arrival

Two first-person positions each running at 15DD in this domain may derive the very same rule, and that is not consensus and not sharing; it is each arriving separately. I cannot take my arrival to certify his, and I cannot take his to shore up mine.

The consequence here is that between the two laws there is no position anyone can stand on and say this one is truer than that one. Not that the position has yet to be found — the very existence of such a position contradicts the first-person source of each of the two laws.

There is a very courteous-sounding version that fails in the same way: let us not say whose matters more, let us say both matter equally. Equal weight is still two marks on one ruler. It has not removed the ruler; it has only put the two readings at the same place on it.

A boundary has to be drawn here or the sentence gets read far too wide. What cannot be compared is the source standing of the two first persons — not every fact about action. Safety risk, harm, the edges of a right, legal authority, procedural priority and resource conditions can all still be compared, and can all still be adjudicated. Those adjudications arrange action. They cannot write backwards which law is truer in the first person.

The Second and Third: No Legislating, No Settling by Leaving

A law may say you may not crush the other. A law may not say you should give way. The second is legislating for the other, and that is colonisation.

This one needs a distinction right behind it, or it seals off what should be left open. I may state reasons. I may make a request. I may set out a boundary. I may propose a course of action. What is actually forbidden is something else: my law cannot, on its own strength alone, acquire the authority to settle you must give way on your behalf. Taking my reasons to be already established for you — that is legislating for you. Without this distinction, reasoning and requesting and consensus and outside arbitration all get sealed off in advance, and that is not what the clause forbids.

The third has to be written precisely. It does not say one is physically unable to leave. It says that no one party can, by walking out, thereby settle this incompatibility as regards their first-person responsibility, the shared relation, third-party responsibility, or institutional consequence.

Written that way it holds intimate relationships, shared parenting, organisational roles and public responsibility — and it also does not contradict the later allowance that both sides may leave. Leaving can happen; leaving does not thereby settle those responsibilities. And simply not wanting to leave, sunk cost, or the sheer momentum of a relationship, is not on its own enough to open this gate.

Is This End Mine?

The object gate has put two laws into the object. This next step checks only my end — because one thing is possible: what I take to be mine may not be mine.

It may have been installed. It may be the shape left by some stretch of a relationship. It may be a requirement that keeps coming back and that I have never actually claimed. How the Inter-Ontic Is Possible §3.1 handles this structure and gives three clues.

First: with the external conditions removed, does it still hold? When nobody is watching, when nobody will praise or blame me for it, is it still there? Second: can it coexist with my other important ends without eating all of them? The real one tends to stand alongside other things; the installed one often demands that everything else be cleared away. Third: when I interrupt it for a while, what shows up — regret and wanting to go back, or the feeling of a whole person collapsing? The first supports its being an important thing of mine. The second supports my having been propped up by it, which is another matter.

Three clues can support or weaken a judgement. They are not necessary and sufficient conditions, and they do not guarantee getting it right. All three also require a first-person internal reading: whether the thing is still there once external conditions are removed can be read only from inside. That a subject holds an irreplaceable first-person reading position does not mean he necessarily reads it correctly, or that he already knows. And taking these three to check whether the other's law is real is legislating for him.

Three registers have to be kept apart here, because the same shape returns later. There are clues. There is no criterion guaranteed to close. And there are traces visible from outside. The first register is those three checks. The second says: giving no criterion is not the same as having no clues; what is denied is only the guaranteed-to-close kind. The third, on this question, is this — in the available material, does that requirement appear only when a particular person is present, when it can be seen, or when it will be evaluated; does it vanish when a relationship ends; is there evidence of its being carried out unobserved. These are inferential traces. They support or weaken a judgement; they do not rule true or false, and they see only conditional correlations in available material, never anything nobody knows.

If confirmation of this end does not hold, what one does about it matters. Do not declare the requirement false. Do not start the four constraints. Register one thing only: the object type has not been attained in this case. Then move to the diagnosis of colonisation and introjection, which is a different piece of work. This is not some of the theorems failing. It is the whole thing never having started.

Conflict Cannot Be Exempted

Two laws form internally, arrive separately, and are not produced by one and the same procedure. That being so, there is no reason at all to guarantee that their action-requirements will always be compatible across every concrete situation.

And the residual remainder after mutual chiselling is not necessarily smaller than before. Positive-Sum made this point with the fractal coastline: the finer you trace it, the more edge may appear. The deeper two people talk, the fewer faces there are to collide on — not necessarily.

From this one can say what avoidance is. Avoidance is not a way of settling a conflict that has been handled. The incompatibility has not been cleared by being avoided; it stays in the shared field. It may be deferred, it may change shape, it may go dormant. Nothing is predicted here about the outcome being worse. Only this one thing: avoidance has not settled it.

And cannot-be-exempted is not the same as should-not-be-avoided. Where there need be no conflict, let there be none. Changing an arrangement so that the step never has to happen is a good thing. But the tense matters, and the same move gets a different name on either side of it: changing conditions before the object obtains is prevention. Changing conditions after it obtains, so that the current incompatibility lifts or goes dormant, is an action arrangement — and that is one of the ways a conflict gets handled.

One Cell Marked Off

A person with two things of his own that he cannot put down, which in some concrete situation require incompatible action — that is a different matter and is not treated here. The clearest kind of it, conflict between two already-claimed value contents under one and the same bearer, has been treated in Value Theory P5. Where the two requirements cannot both be reduced to claimed value content, the remainder is expressly left open here and handed to the theory of action.

And one more boundary. Value Theory P6 established three limits on the value side — not readable to the end, not comparable, not closable — and expressly refused to give a procedure. What is handled here is the law side: what to do when two already-formed laws require incompatible action in one situation. Those three limits are not re-established here and are not borrowed as premises. The two sides hold separately and do not stand in for one another.

So: back to the two of them, and the electricity bill. Nothing so far has told either of them what to do. All that has been settled is that this is the kind of thing the rest of the treatise is about — and that neither of them gets to decide it by deciding what the other one really is.

两个人,与一件谁也放不下的事

两个人住在一起。其中一个认为,家是一件件事情商量着来的地方——一个总是被绕过去的人,最后会被当成不存在。另一个认为,什么都要先请示的人,最后会失去做事的资格。这两条都不是心情。每一条都是持有它的人多年来自己走到的,每一条都在真实地组织着那个人的生活。

多数日子里这不要什么代价。然后有一个星期,电费该交了,其中一个人就直接交了,另一个人沉默下来。接着那件事就不再是电费了,而它也不是他们能叫出名字的任何别的事。

这一篇讲的是这个。不是怎么把话说得更好,不是怎么妥协,不是怎么谈成。是当两条各属其人的法在同一个情境里相遇,要求不能同时做到的行动时,会发生什么——以及一个人怎样处理它,而处理本身不把他持有一条法的那个位置拿走。

两道门

一场碰撞要落进这里,须过两道门。第一道问的是它的结构:是不是两条已经成形的法,各属其人,在同一情境里要求不相容的行动?第二道问的是处理它会牵动什么:它的处理方式,是否会把我能否继续做第一人称的修订、能否继续受问的那个位置,置于风险中?

一场碰撞若怎么处理都不触及那个位置,它可以是麻烦,可以是损失,可以是一件很伤心的事,但它不是这里所说的冲突。有些账算得清,有些话说开就散了,有些事一方让一步而让的人心里没有被拿走什么。这些都好,也都不必用后面那套东西。

两道门须同时过,由此可以推出一件与直觉相反的事。碰撞的大小不定射程。一件很小的事,若以压制的方式处理,也可能触及那个位置;上面那对人僵住的可能只是谁去交电费。一件看上去很大的事,若双方各有余地,可能从头到尾一次也没有触及。

这道门锚在我这一侧,是有理由的。为他者留出条件这件事贯穿全篇。它落在每一步的做法上,也落在什么时候该停手上。但它不落在筛选案件的那道门里。一旦把他者一侧写进入场条件,整篇就会缩成这样一句话:我先判断你值不值得,再决定管不管你。而那正是全篇要拆掉的东西。

他者一侧若要以某种方式进入这道门,只能以这一形式出现:本案的处理是否可能使我占据替他构成的位置。这一问问的仍是我。

四个看起来能定射程、其实不能的名目

意见不同,利益相争,误会,对决。这四个里没有一个足以单独把一场碰撞判进来,也没有一个足以单独把它判出去。

利益能不能计量,这里不作预设;有些利益换算得了,有些换算不了,这与它是不是这里的对象无关。误会澄清了就散的,本来就过不了第一道门;而一场冲突可以在双方全都听懂之后仍然完整地在那里。

对决要单说一句:它是处理冲突的一种动作,不是冲突的一种对象。一场冲突可以走到对决,也可以从头到尾没有对决。把对决列为冲突的一类,是把动作错认成了对象。

也因此,可以诊断的是这一次的这个操作,不是这个人。《自己的法》立过:没有终审的恶人,但有可诊断的恶的操作。这句话在这里的直接后果是,全篇不给出任何判定对方运行在哪一层的检验。

对象门究竟说了什么

两条已经成形的自己的法,在同一情境里要求不相容的行动,而三件事同时成立:不能互相认证到达,不能替对方立法,也不能由任何一方单方退出而完成结算。

这句话若只这样放着,会锁死。若必须先确认对方那一端确实是自己的法,我才有权启动,那么我永远无权启动,因为认证对方的到达这件事,下一步就要禁止。而若不确认即可启动,那么句子里的两条法就不是一道操作的门,只是一句描述。

解开的办法是把两层分开。对象层:这里所论的对象,在本体上确实是两条各自形成的自己的法,在同一情境中要求不相容的行动。操作层:我只能确认自己这一端。另一端以对方第一人称承担并持续组织其行动的一项要求出现。我不认证它是否已经取得自己的法的资格,也不以未能认证为由替他撤销。

两层分开之后,两句话都成立,且互不侵犯。冲突处理按不可代位的原则启动。若后来确认对象类型并未成立,那就退出,而不是倒判对方。退出说的是这件事不归这里管;倒判说的是对方那一端不够格。前者是关于射程的,后者是关于人的,而后者这里没有权限作出。

第一条收窄:不能互相认证到达

两个在该关系域各自运行于 15DD 的第一人称位置,即使推出了同样的律,这不是共识,不是共享,是各自到达;我不能拿我的到达去确认他的到达,也不能拿他的到达来支撑我的到达。

它在这里的后果是:两条法之间没有一个位置可以站上去说这一条比那一条更真。不是那个位置还没找到,是那个位置的存在本身与两条法各自的第一人称来源相矛盾。

有一个听上去很客气的说法:不说谁更要紧,说两边一样要紧。它同样不成立。一样要紧仍是一把尺上的两个刻度,它没有取消那把尺,只把两个读数放在了同一处。

这里要划一道总边界,否则整句会被读得太宽。不能比较的是两侧第一人称的来源地位,不是所有行动事实。安全风险,伤害,权利边界,法律权限,程序优先与资源条件仍然可以比较,也可以被裁决。这些裁决安排行动,却不能倒写哪一条法在第一人称上更真。

第二条与第三条:不能替对方立法,不能以单方退出完成结算

法可以说你不可以压垮对方;法不能说你该让步。后一句是替对方立法,那就是殖民。

但这一条须紧跟一句分判,否则它会把该留的东西一起封掉。我可以陈述理由。我可以提出请求。我可以说明边界。我可以提出行动方案。真正被禁止的是另一件:我的法不能单凭自身取得替你结算「你必须让步」的权限。把我的理由当成已经替你成立,才是替你立法。不作这一分判,说理与请求与共识与外部仲裁会被全部提前封死,而那不是这一条要禁止的东西。

第三条要写准。它说的不是物理上离不开。它说的是:不能由任何一方单方面退出,便把这场不相容在其第一人称责任,共同关系,第三方责任或制度后果上结清。

这样写才容纳得下亲密关系,共同养育,组织角色与公共责任,也才与后面允许双方各自离开不冲突。离开可以发生,离开本身却不使那些责任结清。而单纯不喜欢离开,沉没成本,或者关系的惯性,都不足以单独开这道门。

这一端是不是我的法

对象门已经把两条法写进了对象。这一步只查我这一端——因为有一件事是可能的:我以为是我的那一端,可能并不是我的。

它可能是被装进来的。它可能是某一段关系留下的形状。它可能是一种反复出现却从未被我认领的要求。《本体之间如何可能》§3.1 处理过这种结构,并给出三项线索。

第一,撤掉外部条件之后它是否还成立。没有人看着的时候,没有人会因此夸我或怪我的时候,它还在不在。第二,它能否与我其他重要的目的共存,而不把它们全都吃掉。真的那一项倾向于在别的事情旁边站着;装进来的那一项常常要求把别的全清空。第三,暂时中断它的时候,出现的是懊悔与想回去,还是一种整个人塌下去的感觉。前者支持它是我的一件重要的事;后者支持我可能是靠它撑着,而那是另一回事。

三项只能支持或者削弱某一种判断,不是充分必要条件。它们不保证判对。而且三项全都要求第一人称的内部读数:撤掉外部条件之后那件事还在不在,只有站在里面的位置读得到。主体拥有不可替代的第一人称读取位置,不等于他必然读准,也不等于他此刻必然已经知道。把这三项拿去核对方那一条真不真,是替对方立法。

这里须把三档分清,因为后面还会回到这个形状。有线索,没有可保证闭合的终局判准,另有可以从外面看见的痕迹。第一档是上面那三项。第二档是说:不给判准,不等于没有线索;被否定的只是可保证闭合的那一种。第三档在这一问上也有:在可得的材料里,那项要求是不是只在某一个人在场,可被看见或者会得到评价的时候才出现;是不是随一段关系的结束而消失;有没有在无人注视时仍被执行的证据。这些是推断性的痕迹,支持或者削弱判断,不判真伪。它们看的是可得材料中的条件相关性,看不见一切无人知道的事。

若这一端的确认不成立,处理的方式很要紧。不宣布那项要求是假的。也不启动后面的四条。只登记一件事:本案的对象类型尚未取得。随后转入殖民与内摄的诊断,那是另一套工作。这不是某几条定理落空。是全篇从未启动。

冲突不能免除

两条法各自内生,各自到达,不由同一道程序产生。既然如此,没有任何理由保证它们在一切具体情境里的行动要求总是相容的。

而互凿之后的残余余项不必然比之前小。道德律 P5《正和》用分形海岸线说过这件事:勾勒得越细,露出的边界可能越多。两个人谈得越深,可撞的面并不一定越少。

由此可以说明回避是什么。回避不是冲突已经得到处理的结算方式。不相容没有因为回避而结清,它仍然留在共同的场域里。它可能延宕,可能转形,可能暂时去激活。这里不由此预判后果一定更坏。说的只有这一件:回避没有结算它。

而不能免除不等于不该避免。能不冲突就不冲突。改一个安排使那一步不必发生,是好事。但这里要按时态分账,同一个动作在两边名字不同:对象尚未成立时改变条件,叫预防或者避免。对象已经成立之后改变条件,使当前的不相容解除或者去激活,叫行动安排——而那是冲突处理的一种。

另划出一格

一个人自己有两件都放不下的事,而它们在一个具体情境里要求不相容的行动,这是另一件事,不在这里。其中最清楚的一类,即同一承担者名下两项已经认领的价值内容之间的冲突,已论于价值论 P5《论价值的冲突》。若两条要求不能都还原为已认领的价值内容,剩下那一部分这里明文留置,交由行动论。

另有一处界要标明。价值论 P6《论价值与他者》在价值那一侧立过三条限界,读不尽,比不了,合不拢,并明拒给出程序。这里处理的是法这一侧:两条已经成形的法在同一情境里要求不相容的行动时怎么走。那三条限界这里不重立,也不借作推导的前提。两侧各自成立,互不代替。

所以,回到那两个人,和那张电费单。到这里为止,没有一句话告诉他们该做什么。确定的只有一件:这就是后面要处理的那一类事——而他们谁也不能通过判定对方究竟是什么,来把它定下来。

Academic original: Qin, Han (2026). SAE Conflict Treatise: How Subjecthood Is Not Swallowed by Conflict Itself. self-as-an-end.net ↗ · DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22313628

学术原文:Qin, Han (2026). SAE 冲突论:主体性如何不被冲突本身吞噬。self-as-an-end.net ↗ · DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22313628