Edition note: An independent English rewriting for readers of The Lives of Others. It preserves the Chinese argument while reorganizing its sequence for an English-language essay. Full-film spoilers.
Dreyman and his friends obtain a small typewriter smuggled from the West. Its typeface is not registered in the files through which East German authorities can trace anonymous documents. They hide it beneath the floor and use it to write an article for Der Spiegel about suicide statistics the GDR has stopped publishing.
Wiesler hears the planning, the code names, the hiding place, and the route across the border. He possesses the case in full.
His reports describe an invented play for the republic's anniversary.
Stealing Brecht and speaking to Christa were deviations. Falsifying a Stasi report is a sustained act against the institution to which Wiesler has given his adult life. Another officer shares the listening shifts; Grubitz can compare records; the article's publication makes the search urgent.
The film gives Wiesler no conversion speech. We cannot identify one thought that causes the deception. We have the minister's abuse, Jerska's death, the sonata, the private life in his headphones, and the technician's accumulating recognition that the language of security is covering something else.
Then the typing changes.
That refusal to explain protects Wiesler from becoming a moral diagram. A decision may be prepared by many perceptions without being mechanically caused by any of them.
The Stasi exploit Christa's illegal acquisition of prescription drugs and her dependence on permission to perform. Wiesler is assigned to interrogate her. The techniques from his opening lecture are now directed at someone whose entire life he has secretly heard.
Under threat of imprisonment and the end of her career, she identifies the typewriter's hiding place. Saying that she betrays Dreyman simply “to keep acting” can sound vain unless the film's world is remembered: the stage is not a hobby adjacent to her identity, and the state controls whether she may enter it at all. That does not undo the betrayal. It explains the instrument chosen to produce it.
Wiesler reaches the apartment first and removes the machine. When Grubitz's team opens the floor, the space is empty. Christa sees the search fail, runs into the street, and is struck by a truck. She dies believing her disclosure has destroyed Dreyman, unaware that the interrogator she feared has protected him.
Grubitz understands what Wiesler has done but lacks proof. He sends him to a basement where workers steam open letters, promising that he will remain there for twenty years.
History interrupts the sentence. The film cuts forward four years and seven months to the opening of the Berlin Wall. A colleague announces the news. Wiesler stops opening mail and walks out with the others.
This timing matters. He does not spend twenty years in the basement, as the threat suggests. He does lose his rank, profession, and former certainty, and for years receives no sign that Dreyman knows what happened.
After reunification, Hempf tells Dreyman that his apartment was fully monitored. Dreyman finds the wires and obtains his Stasi archive. It arrives in stacks. He reads the accurate records, then the invented ones describing an anniversary play during the very days he wrote the suicide article. A red fingerprint links the reports to the hidden typewriter's ribbon.
The officer appears only as HGW XX/7.
Dreyman identifies Wiesler and watches him delivering advertising leaflets. He does not approach. A conversation might have been moving, but the film chooses not to force either man into gratitude, explanation, or forgiveness. The saved person does not acquire ownership of the saver.
Two years later, Wiesler sees Dreyman's new novel in a bookstore window. It bears the title of Jerska's sonata. Inside is a dedication: to HGW XX/7, with gratitude.
When the clerk asks whether it should be wrapped as a gift, Wiesler says no. It is for me.
The book is not compensation. Wiesler could not anticipate it when he falsified the reports; his act would retain its meaning if the dedication never existed. Nor can one line repay the destroyed careers and deaths around them.
It does something more exact. The code assigned by the surveillance state once erased the officer's name. Dreyman uses that same code to recognize an action the official archive could record only as falsification.
For years Wiesler knew the lives of others while remaining unknown to them. In the bookstore, someone finally addresses him without exposing him, demanding from him, or converting him into a public hero.
The sentence is printed for everyone and legible in full to only one person.
版本说明:中文原作;简体与繁体同页切换。片名、人名、关键情节与过强措辞已作校订。全片剧透。
一间公寓的客厅。地板中间有一小块被撬开过,下面是一个凹槽,里面藏着一台打字机——红色的,很小,从西边偷运进来的。
这个国家的每一台打字机都在档案里登记过:字体,色带,每一个字母的细微磨损。一篇匿名文章寄出去,只要拿到原件,就能查到是哪台机器打的。
而这一台没有登记。
德莱曼决定写一篇东西寄给西边的杂志,内容是这个国家的自杀率。
起因是耶斯卡——那位七年不能工作、最后在家里上吊的导演。德莱曼后来去查,发现一件事:从某一年起,这个国家不再公布自杀统计数字了。不是数字变好了,是不公布了。他把这件事写了出来,匿名,通过一位西德记者带出边境,登在了西边的杂志上。
那台打字机是在德莱曼家里用的,他和几个朋友讨论过很多次,而这些讨论全部发生在被监听的房间里。维斯勒坐在阁楼上,戴着耳机,一句不落地听着:他们怎么弄到那台机器,藏在哪里,文章怎么写,怎么送出去,用什么代号。他掌握着这个案子的全部证据。
而他上交的报告里写的是另一件事:德莱曼正在准备一部新戏,是为了国家成立四十周年的献礼演出;德莱曼和朋友们在讨论剧本,讨论怎么表现这个国家的成就。他写得很详细,很有说服力,很像一份真报告。这是他这辈子第一次伪造文件。
上一篇写过他做的两件小事:偷一本书,在酒吧里说几句话。那两件事没有留下证据,也没有造成后果。
而这一件不同。伪造一份国安部门的正式报告,隐瞒一项被认定为敌对行为的活动,在当时是重罪;他的上级随时可能核查,那间屋子里还有另一个人轮班。而他做了,而且一直做了下去。
他为什么这么做——这一节必须写,因为这部电影没有给答案。没有一场戏是维斯勒下决心的。 没有独白,没有闪回,没有一个瞬间可以被指认为"他想通了";他没有跟任何人说过这件事,从头到尾没有解释过一个字。电影只是让他在打字机前面坐下,然后打出了另外一份东西。
我们能看到的,是上一篇排过的那些:这次行动的真实动机,耶斯卡的死,格鲁比茨的那句"如果他真的有问题就更好了",那段音乐,还有他每天记录的那些逐时逐分的私生活。这些东西没有一件是决定性的,而他做了那件事。
文章登出来之后上面震怒,国安部门要查出是谁写的、用的是哪台打字机。格鲁比茨开始怀疑德莱曼,他找维斯勒谈过一次,语气很微妙——他提到维斯勒最近的报告"很平静",而他没有点破。
后来他找到了另一个突破口:那位女演员在偷偷买处方药,那是违法的,国安部门早就知道。他们抓了她,让她交代德莱曼的事。而审她的人,是维斯勒。
这一场是全片最难受的一场,因为它把第一篇那堂课的内容用上了。维斯勒坐在她对面,他知道全部真相——他知道那台打字机在哪里,知道文章是谁写的,知道她也知道;他也知道自己该怎么让她开口,那堂课上他讲过的技术此刻全部可用。
而她开口了。她说出了那台打字机的位置:客厅地板下面,门槛旁边。
这一节要说清楚,否则这个人物就被写坏了:她不是为了保命。 她是一个演员,舞台不是生活旁边的一项爱好,而是她确认自己的重要方式;这个国家却掌握着她能否继续上台。她已经被逼着做过一次交易了:她去见部长,为的是能继续演。而现在她面对的是:交代,或者从此不能再上台。她交代了。
审讯结束,格鲁比茨立刻组织人手去搜,而维斯勒说他先去。他一个人到了那间公寓,进门,走到客厅,掀开那块地板,把那台打字机拿走了。
格鲁比茨带人到了,把整间屋子翻了一遍。克里斯塔被带来,站在门口——她刚刚出卖了那个位置,而她眼睁睁看着他们掀开地板,下面是空的。搜了很久,什么都没找到。
然后她冲出楼门,跑到马路上。一辆卡车开过来。她死在德莱曼怀里。她到死都以为是自己害了他。
案子办砸了。格鲁比茨知道是谁干的——他没有证据,而他不需要证据。他把维斯勒调走了,调去地下室的一个部门,工作内容是用蒸汽把信封拆开,看里面写了什么,再封回去。格鲁比茨威胁他要在那里待二十年,直到退休。可历史没有照这份人事安排运行。
请把这笔账算清楚。他失去了职业——他是这个系统里最好的审讯专家,他在学校教课,他有前途。他失去了级别,从上尉到地下室的一个岗位。他失去了信念——上一篇写过,他做这一行不是为了升迁,是因为他认为这是对的,而现在他知道了这套东西是怎么运转的。
而他没有得到任何东西。 德莱曼不知道他是谁,克里斯塔死了,格鲁比茨不会说。这个世界上没有一个人知道他做了什么,而他不能跟任何人讲——讲了就是自首。此后的四年七个月,他在地下室拆信封;柏林墙开放以后,他又成了统一后城市里一个无人认识的普通劳动者。
四年零七个月以后,影片来到一九八九年柏林墙开放的那一天:维斯勒坐在地下室,面前是蒸汽机和一摞信,旁边一个同事接了个电话,然后说,墙开了。所有人放下手里的东西往外走。维斯勒把最后一封信放下,也站起来走了。
统一之后过了几年。有一场戏,德莱曼在剧院碰到当年那位部长,两个人聊了几句,部长说漏了一件事——他说德莱曼当年被全面监控过。德莱曼不信,他回到那套公寓,撕开墙纸,线还在那里。
统一之后国安部门的档案对公众开放了,任何一个被监控过的人都可以申请查阅自己的卷宗。德莱曼申请了,工作人员推来一辆车,上面是他的档案,摞得很高。他坐下来一份一份地看:他看到了那些逐时逐分的记录,也看到了那些假的——他写那篇文章的那几天,报告上写的是"准备四十周年献礼剧本"。他还看到一件事:某一页上有一个红色的指印,那是打字机色带的颜色。那个人碰过那台机器。
档案上没有名字,只有一个代号:HGW XX/7。德莱曼找到了这个人是谁,去看了他一次。那天维斯勒在街上推着一辆小车,往信箱里塞广告传单,穿着一件旧外套,走路很慢。德莱曼坐在车里看着他,没有下车。
这一处是这部电影最好的一个决定,而它很容易被读成遗憾。德莱曼要说什么——谢谢你监听了我四年?他要给什么——钱?他要问什么——你为什么这么做?那个问题维斯勒自己也回答不了。 任何一个动作,都会把这件事变成一次结算,而这件事没有办法被结算。
两年以后,维斯勒还在送传单。有一天他路过一家书店,橱窗里摆着新书,其中一本的作者是德莱曼,书名是《献给好人的奏鸣曲》——那是耶斯卡当年送给德莱曼的那份乐谱的曲名。
他走了进去,拿起那本书,翻开。第一页上印着一行字:谨以此书献给 HGW XX/7,以感激之情。他站在那里看着那一行。店员走过来问:要包起来吗?
维斯勒说:不用,这是给我的。
维斯勒做那件事的时候,不知道会有这本书——他不可能知道。他做那件事的时候,预期的结果是:没有人会知道,而他要付出代价。这两样后来都实现了,很长时间没有人知道,而他确实失去了职位与前途。
而这本书出现了。如果它是回报,那这件事的性质就变了——变成一个人做了好事,最后得到了应有的报答。而中间隔着多年。 那些年里,维斯勒先在地下室拆信封,后来在统一后的城市派送广告,他不知道有这本书,不知道德莱曼会去查档案,不知道自己会被认出来。如果那本书从来没有出现,他做过的那件事,一样是他做过的。
那行字给的不是奖赏,也不是补偿,它是一次承认。 德莱曼在档案里读到了一个代号,读到了那些假报告,读到了那个红色的指印;他知道有一个人曾经听遍他的生活,后来又用自己的职业前途替他扛下了一件事,而他不知道这个人是谁——直到他去查。查到之后,他做的唯一一件事,是把这行字印在了自己的书上。
在这部电影里,没有一个人得到过任何东西:耶斯卡死了,克里斯塔死了,维斯勒失去了一切,德莱曼失去了他的伴侣,也失去了他对这个国家的最后一点相信。而这一行字,是唯一一样留下来的东西。 它印在一本公开出版的书上,会跟着这本书进入所有的书店、所有的图书馆、所有买过它的人的家里——一个代号,和一句感谢。
本文所依据的版本为二〇〇六年弗洛里安·亨克尔·冯·多纳斯马尔克执导版。