A king’s hunt terrorizes two herds of deer. To spare the animals repeated panic and injury, the deer kings arrange for one victim to be chosen each day by lot. The procedure is equal. Then the lot falls to a pregnant doe. When the other king refuses delay because another deer would have to take her place, the Banyan Deer goes to the block himself.
The lottery is a real improvement over chaos. It makes risk predictable and removes favoritism. But procedural fairness can answer the question “who is next?” while leaving untouched the question “should anyone be sent?” The better the system works, the easier the killing may become to administer.
The Banyan Deer does not solve the problem by secretly substituting a weaker animal or inventing an exemption that keeps the structure intact. He presents himself to the human king and makes the underlying arrangement visible. The king’s compassion then expands step by step—from this deer, to both herds, to other animals.
Fair allocation matters whenever burdens cannot be avoided. Yet no lottery can make an impermissible burden just merely by distributing it evenly. Procedure must remain answerable to the substance it organizes. Sometimes the most important act within a fair system is the refusal that forces everyone to ask why the wheel is turning at all.
Source note: The story is the Nigrodhamiga Jātaka, Jātaka 12. This essay follows the complete prose narrative, while noting that the surviving prose belongs to the commentary tradition rather than simply equating every detail with the earliest canonical verses.